Sensory processing sensitivity and the association with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, and ADHD-related strengths in the general population

Abstract

Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a normally distributed personality trait reflecting sensitivity to stimuli. It is unclear how SPS relates to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to strengths. Here we aimed to 1) explore the relation between SPS and ADHD traits, and their respective subdimensions, 2) compare people with and without an ADHD diagnosis on SPS subdimensions, 3) assess relations between SPS and several ADHD-related strengths. 496 adults were recruited from the general population via the online platform Prolific. Participants filled in questionnaires on SPS (subdimensions: ease of excitation, low sensory threshold, aesthetic sensitivity), ADHD traits (subdimensions: inattentiveness, hyperactivity-impulsivity), and nine questionnaires on ADHD-related strengths. We performed correlation and case-control analysis. SPS and its subdimensions correlated positively with ADHD traits and its subdimensions. Furthermore, people with an ADHD diagnosis scored higher on SPS than those without. SPS correlated positively with the ADHD-related strengths of hyperfocus and cognitive flexibility, and aesthetic sensitivity correlated positively with curiosity, humour, and empathy; these associations remained significant correcting for ADHD traits. Concluding, SPS and ADHD were positively associated, using continuous and case-control analyses. These results help us better understand the SPS trait to help people high on SPS thrive and improve their well-being.