Mulberry (Morus spp.): A promising field crop for livestock forage

Abstract

Mulberry (Morus spp.) is traditionally cultivated for its nutrient-rich foliage, serving as the primary feed for silkworms (Bombyx mori) in sericulture. In recent years, however it’s potential as a high-quality forage crop for livestock has gained increased attention. Livestock nutrition plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal growth, milk yield, and meat production, necessitating a consistent supply of protein-rich, digestible, and energy-dense feed. Although grasses are the predominant forage source, their availability is often limited by seasonal fluctuations particularly during summer in tropical regions and winter in temperate climates. This variability has led to growing interest in alternative, perennial, and nutritionally rich forage crops that can support sustainable livestock farming. Mulberry emerges as a promising forage crop due to its rapid growth, adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions, and superior nutritional profile, which includes high crude protein content, essential amino acids, minerals, and fibre. It serves not only as a viable feed during forage-deficient periods but also as a valuable supplementary feed during peak forage seasons, thereby enhancing overall livestock productivity. Moreover, its deep-rooted system and perennial nature contribute to soil conservation and sustainable fodder production. This review critically examines the nutritional composition of mulberry leaves, their digestibility and palatability across different livestock species, and recent research supporting their integration into livestock feeding systems. Additionally, the paper explores the economic viability and environmental benefits of growing mulberry specifically as a forage crop, highlighting its potential as a sustainable substitute in contemporary livestock feeding practices.