Prevalence of left heart contrast with agitated saline contrast echocardiography in healthy resting dogs

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.001

S. Lee , M.D. Kittleson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction/Objectives

Agitated saline contrast echocardiography (ASCE) has traditionally been used to identify the presence of right-to-left intracardiac shunts in dogs. In normal humans, contrast (microbubbles) commonly appears in the left heart following agitated saline contrast injection into a systemic vein via intrapulmonary (IP) shunting. The aim of this study was to determine whether this phenomenon also occurs in dogs.

Animals, Materials, and Methods

Forty-eight dogs with either a normal echocardiogram or trivial to mild mitral regurgitation were studied. A standard ASCE protocol was used, with each dog lying in right lateral recumbency.

Results

Left heart contrast was identified in 37 dogs (77%).

Study Limitations

Agitated saline contrast echocardiography was performed only once per dog and under a single condition, and intra-operator and interoperator variability was not assessed. Echocardiography alone cannot completely exclude patent foramen ovale, and stress in the hospital environment may have influenced shunting.

Conclusions

Left heart contrast following ASCE is common in dogs without a right-to-left shunting intracardiac defect. This presumably occurs via intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses.

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健康静息犬左心造影与激动生理盐水造影超声心动图的患病率。

简介/目的：搅拌生理盐水对比超声心动图（ASCE）传统上用于识别狗的右至左心内分流的存在。在正常人中，经肺内（IP）分流术将搅拌生理盐水造影剂注入全身静脉后，通常在左心出现造影剂（微泡）。这项研究的目的是确定这种现象是否也发生在狗身上。动物、材料和方法：对48只超声心动图正常或二尖瓣轻微至轻度反流的狗进行了研究。采用标准ASCE方案，每只犬右侧卧位。结果：37只狗（77%）出现左心造影。研究局限性：在单一条件下，每只狗只进行一次激动生理盐水对比超声心动图检查，并且未评估操作者内部和操作者之间的变异性。单靠超声心动图不能完全排除卵圆孔未闭，医院环境的压力也可能影响分流。结论：ASCE后左心造影在没有右至左分流心脏缺损的犬中很常见。这可能是通过肺内动静脉吻合发生的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology VETERINARY SCIENCES-

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

审稿时长

154 days

期刊介绍： The mission of the Journal of Veterinary Cardiology is to publish peer-reviewed reports of the highest quality that promote greater understanding of cardiovascular disease, and enhance the health and well being of animals and humans. The Journal of Veterinary Cardiology publishes original contributions involving research and clinical practice that include prospective and retrospective studies, clinical trials, epidemiology, observational studies, and advances in applied and basic research. The Journal invites submission of original manuscripts. Specific content areas of interest include heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, cardiovascular medicine, surgery, hypertension, health outcomes research, diagnostic imaging, interventional techniques, genetics, molecular cardiology, and cardiovascular pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology.