Multifaceted role of Iroquois signaling in development and diseases

IF 8.2 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecules and Cells Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI:10.1016/j.mocell.2025.100296

Ravi Shankar Goutam , Neha Kaushik , Basant Kumar , Woochan Jung , Santosh Kumar , Seung-Hwan Lee , Unjoo Lee , Jaebong Kim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Iroquois (Iro/Irx) gene family encodes transcription factors that belong to the Three-Amino-Acid Loop Extension-class homeodomain group, distinguished by a conserved Iro-box domain. Iroquois signaling is evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates and plays a vital role in embryonic development. In invertebrates, Iro/Irx genes control tissue compartmentalization, whereas in vertebrates, they regulate gastrulation, neural patterning, and organogenesis. These genes are typically organized in conserved genomic clusters under shared regulatory control, reflecting their coordinated expression and common evolutionary origins. Beyond development, dysregulation of Iroquois genes has been implicated in diverse human diseases. Iro/Irx genes are increasingly associated with congenital disorders, including congenital heart disease and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Moreover, their emerging role in cancer biology has revealed context-dependent behavior, functioning as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Recent findings have also highlighted their potential as clinical biomarkers in neurological and neoplastic diseases. Given their broad developmental and pathological roles, Iroquois genes are gaining recognition as promising candidates for therapeutic targeting and molecular diagnostics. This review integrates their developmental functions with their disease associations to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological and clinical significance of Iroquois signaling.

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易洛魁人信号在发育和疾病中的多方面作用。

Iroquois （Iro/Irx）基因家族编码的转录因子属于tale类同源结构域组，以保守的Iro-box结构域为特征。易洛魁人的信号在从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物的进化上是保守的，在胚胎发育中起着至关重要的作用。在脊椎动物中，Iro/Irx基因控制组织区隔化，而在脊椎动物中，它们调节原肠胚形成、神经模式和器官发生。这些基因通常被组织在保守的基因组簇中，在共同的调控下，反映了它们的协调表达和共同的进化起源。除了发育之外，易洛魁人基因失调还与多种人类疾病有关。Irx基因越来越多地与先天性疾病联系在一起，包括先天性心脏病和神经发育异常。此外，它们在癌症生物学中的新作用揭示了环境依赖行为，既可以作为肿瘤抑制因子，也可以作为癌基因。最近的研究结果也强调了它们作为神经和肿瘤疾病临床生物标志物的潜力。鉴于易洛魁人基因在发育和病理方面的广泛作用，易洛魁人基因作为治疗靶向和分子诊断的有前途的候选者正在获得认可。本文综述了易洛魁信号的发育功能及其与疾病的关联，以提供易洛魁信号的生物学和临床意义的全面概述。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecules and Cells 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

10.50%

发文量

审稿时长

2.3 months

期刊介绍： Molecules and Cells is an international on-line open-access journal devoted to the advancement and dissemination of fundamental knowledge in molecular and cellular biology. It was launched in 1990 and ISO abbreviation is "Mol. Cells". Reports on a broad range of topics of general interest to molecular and cell biologists are published. It is published on the last day of each month by the Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.