[A review and guideline for the adequate and interdisciplinary (socio-)medical care of people with Down syndrome and dementia development].

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in older age. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at significantly increased risk due to trisomy 21 and the resulting overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein. Prevalence rates of AD-related dementia in DS (DSAD) reach up to 88% beyond the age of 65. Despite this, structured diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for DSAD are lacking.A narrative review of current literature on etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and care pathways for DSAD was conducted. Currently employed dementia diagnostic standards were evaluated in regard to the specific needs of individuals with DS.Established diagnostic methods are applicable to individuals with DS but require adaptations regarding symptom recognition, test administration, and interpretation. Early awareness among caregivers and healthcare providers, as well as timely referral to specialized centers, is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.Improving care for individuals with DSAD requires close coordination between general healthcare services and specialized centers. This review highlights the medical, diagnostic, and structural challenges in suspected DSAD and provides practical recommendations for patient care. The proposed guideline aims to reduce uncertainties in clinical practice and support sustainable, needs-based care.