Alycia N Galindo, Alyssa K Chi, Ievgenii Liashenko, Kelly L O'Neill, Chandler L Asnes, Ruchi Sharma, Jenna D Khachatourian, Armaan Hajarizadeh, Paul D Dalton, Marian H Hettiaratchi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: In muscle tissues, anisotropic cell alignment is essential for optimal muscle fiber development and function. Biomaterials for muscle tissue engineering must guide cellular alignment while supporting cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation.
Methods: Here, we describe the fabrication of a tissue-engineered construct consisting of a scaffold of aligned poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers coated in a dynamic covalent hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel to support myoblast attachment, myoblast alignment, and myotube formation. Norbornene modification of HA further enabled functionalization with fibronectin-derived arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide. Scaffolds were fabricated using melt electrowriting (MEW), a three-dimensional (3D)-printing technique that uses stabilization of fluid columns to produce precisely aligned polymeric microfibers. We evaluated C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts cultured on non-coated, HA-coated, and HA-RGD-coated MEW scaffolds with fiber diameters of 10, 20, and 30 µm using immunocytochemistry and creatine kinase activity assays. We further evaluated the mechanical properties of 20 µm fiber scaffolds and their effect on myogenic gene expression and alpha-actinin protein expression of C2C12 myoblasts undergoing differentiation.
Results: HA-coated and HA-RGD-coated scaffolds increased attachment of C2C12 myoblasts on all fiber diameters compared to non-coated scaffolds, with HA-RGD-coated scaffolds demonstrating the highest cell attachment. All scaffolds supported cellular alignment along the fibers. Cells differentiated on scaffolds showed anisotropic alignment with increased myotube formation on HA-coated and HA-RGD-coated scaffolds as demonstrated by myosin heavy chain (MHC) staining and by the presence of striations on HA-coated scaffolds visualized with alpha-actinin staining. Increased creatine kinase activity and myogenic gene expression on day 5 further indicated myotube formation on all scaffolds, with HA-coated scaffolds significantly increasing the expression of several key myogenic markers.
Conclusion: This unique combination of tunable biophysical and biochemical cues enables the creation of a biomimetic tissue engineered scaffold, providing a platform for new therapeutic approaches for muscle regeneration.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-025-00865-y.
期刊介绍：
The field of cellular and molecular bioengineering seeks to understand, so that we may ultimately control, the mechanical, chemical, and electrical processes of the cell. A key challenge in improving human health is to understand how cellular behavior arises from molecular-level interactions. CMBE, an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishes original research and review papers in the following seven general areas:
Molecular: DNA-protein/RNA-protein interactions, protein folding and function, protein-protein and receptor-ligand interactions, lipids, polysaccharides, molecular motors, and the biophysics of macromolecules that function as therapeutics or engineered matrices, for example.
Cellular: Studies of how cells sense physicochemical events surrounding and within cells, and how cells transduce these events into biological responses. Specific cell processes of interest include cell growth, differentiation, migration, signal transduction, protein secretion and transport, gene expression and regulation, and cell-matrix interactions.
Mechanobiology: The mechanical properties of cells and biomolecules, cellular/molecular force generation and adhesion, the response of cells to their mechanical microenvironment, and mechanotransduction in response to various physical forces such as fluid shear stress.
Nanomedicine: The engineering of nanoparticles for advanced drug delivery and molecular imaging applications, with particular focus on the interaction of such particles with living cells. Also, the application of nanostructured materials to control the behavior of cells and biomolecules.
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