Human papillomavirus genotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and public health implications.

IF 3.2 2区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Infectious Agents and Cancer Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI:10.1186/s13027-025-00705-8

Mai M El-Daly, Arwa A Faizo, Shahad A Madkhali, Nassrin A Badroon, Norah A Othman, Thamir A Alandijany, Anwar Moria, Safaa A Turkistani, Sherif A El-Kafrawy, Esam I Azhar

{"title":"Human papillomavirus genotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and public health implications.","authors":"Mai M El-Daly, Arwa A Faizo, Shahad A Madkhali, Nassrin A Badroon, Norah A Othman, Thamir A Alandijany, Anwar Moria, Safaa A Turkistani, Sherif A El-Kafrawy, Esam I Azhar","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00705-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are prevalent sexually transmitted infections and a leading cause of cervical and other anogenital cancers worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in Pap smear samples from women attending gynecology clinics at Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September 2022 and July 2023.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 260 samples using nested PCR and Sanger sequencing to identify HPV genotypes.Results: The overall HPV prevalence rate was 6.9%. (18/260, 95% CI: 3.84-10.01%). High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes 16 (33.3%), 18 (16.7%), and 58 (5.6%) were identified, along with low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotype 6 (33.3%). Genotypes 11 and 67 were also detected in 5.6% of cases each. Age-specific analysis revealed the highest prevalence of HPV in the 31-40 age group, at 3.5% (p = 0.04), with HPV16 being significantly more prevalent in this age group. Saudi participants exhibited a higher prevalence rate of 61.1% (11/18) than non-Saudi participants at 38.9% (7/18). Although HPV was more common in non-Saudis, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.39). Cytological findings showed that 88.9% of HPV-positive cases had negative cytology, underscoring the need for HPV screening beyond cytological abnormalities.Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance, targeted vaccination efforts, and improved screening programs in Saudi Arabia. Increasing awareness of HPV and enhancing vaccination rates, especially among younger age groups, could significantly reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases. Future research should focus on broader epidemiological factors and evaluate the impact of HPV vaccination programs on genotype distribution and prevalence trends.","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12577313/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-025-00705-8","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are prevalent sexually transmitted infections and a leading cause of cervical and other anogenital cancers worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV in Pap smear samples from women attending gynecology clinics at Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September 2022 and July 2023.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 260 samples using nested PCR and Sanger sequencing to identify HPV genotypes.

Results: The overall HPV prevalence rate was 6.9%. (18/260, 95% CI: 3.84-10.01%). High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes 16 (33.3%), 18 (16.7%), and 58 (5.6%) were identified, along with low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotype 6 (33.3%). Genotypes 11 and 67 were also detected in 5.6% of cases each. Age-specific analysis revealed the highest prevalence of HPV in the 31-40 age group, at 3.5% (p = 0.04), with HPV16 being significantly more prevalent in this age group. Saudi participants exhibited a higher prevalence rate of 61.1% (11/18) than non-Saudi participants at 38.9% (7/18). Although HPV was more common in non-Saudis, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.39). Cytological findings showed that 88.9% of HPV-positive cases had negative cytology, underscoring the need for HPV screening beyond cytological abnormalities.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance, targeted vaccination efforts, and improved screening programs in Saudi Arabia. Increasing awareness of HPV and enhancing vaccination rates, especially among younger age groups, could significantly reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases. Future research should focus on broader epidemiological factors and evaluate the impact of HPV vaccination programs on genotype distribution and prevalence trends.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

沙特阿拉伯吉达的人乳头瘤病毒基因型：流行情况和公共卫生影响

背景：人乳头瘤病毒（hpv）是一种普遍的性传播感染，也是世界范围内宫颈癌和其他肛门生殖器癌的主要原因。本研究旨在确定2022年9月至2023年7月期间在沙特阿拉伯吉达的Dr. Soliman Fakeeh医院妇科诊所就诊的妇女的子宫颈抹片样本中HPV的患病率和基因型分布。方法：采用巢式PCR和Sanger测序对260份样本进行分析，确定HPV基因型。结果：HPV总患病率为6.9%。（18/260, 95% ci: 3.84-10.01%）。高风险HPV （HR-HPV）基因型16(33.3%),18（16.7%）和58(5.6%)，以及低风险HPV （LR-HPV）基因型6（33.3%）。基因11型和67型各占5.6%。年龄特异性分析显示，HPV在31-40岁年龄组的患病率最高，为3.5% (p = 0.04)， HPV16在该年龄组的患病率更高。沙特参与者的患病率为61.1%(11/18)，高于非沙特参与者的38.9%（7/18）。虽然HPV在非沙特人中更常见，但这种差异没有统计学意义（p = 0.39）。细胞学结果显示，88.9%的HPV阳性病例细胞学阴性，强调除了细胞学异常外，还需要进行HPV筛查。结论：这些发现强调了在沙特阿拉伯持续监测、有针对性的疫苗接种工作和改进筛查计划的重要性。提高对人乳头瘤病毒的认识和提高疫苗接种率，特别是在年轻年龄组中，可以显著减少人乳头瘤病毒相关疾病的负担。未来的研究应关注更广泛的流行病学因素，并评估HPV疫苗接种计划对基因型分布和流行趋势的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Infectious Agents and Cancer ONCOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Infectious Agents and Cancer is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of basic, clinical, epidemiological and translational research providing an insight into the association between chronic infections and cancer. The journal welcomes submissions in the pathogen-related cancer areas and other related topics, in particular: • HPV and anogenital cancers, as well as head and neck cancers; • EBV and Burkitt lymphoma; • HCV/HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as lymphoproliferative diseases; • HHV8 and Kaposi sarcoma; • HTLV and leukemia; • Cancers in Low- and Middle-income countries. The link between infection and cancer has become well established over the past 50 years, and infection-associated cancer contribute up to 16% of cancers in developed countries and 33% in less developed countries. Preventive vaccines have been developed for only two cancer-causing viruses, highlighting both the opportunity to prevent infection-associated cancers by vaccination and the gaps that remain before vaccines can be developed for other cancer-causing agents. These gaps are due to incomplete understanding of the basic biology, natural history, epidemiology of many of the pathogens that cause cancer, the mechanisms they exploit to cause cancer, and how to interrupt progression to cancer in human populations. Early diagnosis or identification of lesions at high risk of progression represent the current most critical research area of the field supported by recent advances in genomics and proteomics technologies.