Comparison of the protective immune response of Live vs. inactivated NC-a strain as an experimental vaccine for Neospora caninum in Balb/c mice

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110625

Matin Khosropour , Mehdi Namavari , Salomeh Shirali , Zahra Bootorabi , Zahra Khabazan

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Abstract

Developing an effective vaccine for Neosporosis is critical for its control and prevention. Our previous research introduced the attenuated strain prepared by long-term passage on the J774 cell line (NC-a) that yielded successful results in terms of protective immune response in mice. Given the preference for inactivated over live vaccines, this study evaluated the NC-a strain in its inactivated form (I. NC-a) with different adjuvants in a Balb/c mouse. Fifty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: G1 (I. NC-a with aluminum hydroxide), G2 (I. NC-a with Montanide ISA 70), G3 (I. NC-a without adjuvant), G4 (live NC-a), and G5 (negative control). Mice were immunized twice, 21 days apart, with 2 × 10⁶ NC-a tachyzoites, followed by a challenge with 2.5 × 10⁶ virulent NC-1 tachyzoites. Survival rates, serological tests assessing humoral and cellular immune responses and also, molecular testing were conducted. Serological results revealed that, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the vaccinated groups and the G5, as well as between adjuvanted inactivated vaccine groups (G1, G2) and the live vaccine group (G4). Also, the survival rate of mice in group G2 and G4 was about 90 %. In general, an important point is the adjuvant-inactivated strain induced comparable and potentially superior protective immune responses to the live strain. These results highlight the promise of inactive vaccines and suggest that complementary research could lead to a functional and safe neosporosis vaccine for various hosts, diverging from the focus on live vaccines dominant in protozoan studies.

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NC-a活疫苗与灭活疫苗对Balb/c小鼠犬新孢子虫保护性免疫反应的比较

开发有效的新孢子虫病疫苗对于控制和预防新孢子虫病至关重要。我们之前的研究介绍了通过在J774细胞系（NC-a）上长期传代制备的减毒菌株，在小鼠的保护性免疫反应方面取得了成功的结果。鉴于对灭活疫苗的偏好高于活疫苗，本研究在Balb/c小鼠中评估了不同佐剂灭活型NC-a菌株（I. NC-a）。50只Balb/c小鼠随机分为5组：G1组（ⅰ。NC-a加氢氧化铝）、G2组（ⅰ。NC-a加Montanide ISA 70）、G3组（ⅰ。NC-a不加佐剂）、G4组（活NC-a）、G5组（阴性对照）。小鼠免疫两次，间隔21天，接种2个 × 10⁶NC-1速殖子，然后接种2.5个 × 10⁶毒力NC-1速殖子。生存率、评估体液和细胞免疫反应的血清学测试以及分子测试。血清学结果显示，接种组与G5之间、佐剂灭活疫苗组（G1、G2）与活疫苗组（G4）之间存在显著差异（P <； 0.05）。G2和G4组小鼠的存活率约为90% %。一般来说，重要的一点是佐剂灭活菌株诱导了与活菌株相当且可能更好的保护性免疫反应。这些结果突出了非活性疫苗的前景，并表明补充研究可能导致针对各种宿主的功能和安全的新孢子病疫苗，而不是专注于原生动物研究中占主导地位的活疫苗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology 农林科学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

126

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： The journal Veterinary Parasitology has an open access mirror journal,Veterinary Parasitology: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. This journal is concerned with those aspects of helminthology, protozoology and entomology which are of interest to animal health investigators, veterinary practitioners and others with a special interest in parasitology. Papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites in all domesticated animals, fall within the scope of the journal. Papers of geographically limited (local) interest which are not of interest to an international audience will not be accepted. Authors who submit papers based on local data will need to indicate why their paper is relevant to a broader readership. Parasitological studies on laboratory animals fall within the scope of the journal only if they provide a reasonably close model of a disease of domestic animals. Additionally the journal will consider papers relating to wildlife species where they may act as disease reservoirs to domestic animals, or as a zoonotic reservoir. Case studies considered to be unique or of specific interest to the journal, will also be considered on occasions at the Editors'' discretion. Papers dealing exclusively with the taxonomy of parasites do not fall within the scope of the journal.