Acute dermal toxicity test and anti-inflammatory activity of emulgel from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) ethanol extract

Abstract

Introduction

Inflammation, a critical biological response to harmful stimuli, is typically managed with synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs. However, an exiting natural alternative is Theobroma cacao L., known for its high content of catechins and procyanidins, which have significant anti-inflammatory properties. Generally, comprehensive preclinical evaluations of both efficacy and safety are crucial before any topical product can be approved for market use.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the safety and activity of an emulgel from ethanol extract cocoa pod husk as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Materials and Methods

The safety of the emulgel was evaluated through acute dermal toxicity as specified by the OECD. Key measurements included the LD50 dermal cut-off, primary irritation index, and histopathological assessments of mouse skin. In vivo antiinflammatory studies in mice divided into acute inflammation using carrageenan intraplantar, while chronic inflammation using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) intraplantar. The parameters observed were latency time, plantar thickness, number of Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells and lymphocytes.

Results

The emulgel demonstrated low toxicity and was non-irritating to the skin at all concentrations tested. In the acute inflammation, the 3 % ethanol extract effectively reduced plantar thickness, extended latency time, enhanced epidermis thickness, and lowered the counts of PMN cells. Additionally, during chronic inflammation, a 1 % dose significantly diminished lymphocyte and PMN cell numbers compared to the negative control.

Conclusion

The emulgel from cocoa pod husk extract is effective and safe for treating inflammation. This study adapts previous research for easy topical application, providing a new option for managing acute and chronic inflammation.