Autistic Experiences of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): Toward Improved Autistic-Centered Supports

Abstract

This study (extracted from a larger doctoral-level dissertation project) adopts a Critical Autism Studies (CAS) framework, and transformative mixed methods design, to examine lived experiences of Applied Behavior analysis (ABA) and to guide improvements in autism services. Autistic people have shared their lived experiences of the ways ABA has caused them harm due to the rigidly applied positive reinforcement and punishment procedures used to make them appear less autistic. Increasingly, ABA practitioners and researchers have responded by attempting to transform their practices to be more accepting of autistic ways of being. The four-staged methodology (surveys—interviews—analysis—participatory dissemination) responds to Milton's (2014) call for “interactional expertise” between non-autistic researchers and autistic people. The survey stage yielded 68 completed surveys from autistic people in Canada—22 respondents had received ABA and 46 had not but wished to express their views. Four participants who had received ABA—two with positive experiences and two with negative experiences—participated in semi-structured interviews and authorship of recommendations. Findings revealed diverse perspectives on ABA practices. Implications for policy and practice highlight the importance of authentically engaging with autistic communities to develop supports that are helpful and not harmful.