Factors influencing the occurrence of pre-eclampsia and the establishment of a risk prediction model: a retrospective study.

Abstract

Purpose: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder for which reliable predictive methods remain limited.

Methods: Data were collected between June 2018 and December 2022. Statistical analyses including Chi-square tests, multivariate logistic regression, and LASSO regression were applied to identify risk factors.

Results: A total of 602 pregnant women were included, with 176 diagnosed with PE and 426 without PE. Significant differences between the PE and control groups were observed for high-risk pregnancy history (HRPH), mean arterial pressure (MAP), preeclampsia monitoring system (MP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), placental growth factor (PLGF), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH). Multivariate logistic regression showed that low 25-OH (OR = 10.24, p < 0.001), elevated TSH (OR = 5.13, p < 0.001), HRPH (OR = 2.21, p = 0.03), high-risk MP (OR = 1.83, p = 0.03), UtA-PI > 2.25 (OR = 2.95, p < 0.001), and low PLGF (OR = 2.67, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with PE, while high MAP  showed a non-significant trend (OR = 3.06, p = 0.06). ROC analysis indicated that 25-OH had the highest diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.719), MAP the lowest (AUC = 0.601), and the combination of 25-OH, TSH, MP, and PLGF achieved the best performance (AUC = 0.843).

Conclusion: The combination of HRPH, MAP, PLGF, TSH, and 25-OH demonstrated strong predictive power for PE, providing valuable guidance for the prevention and management of PE in clinical practice.