{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Rural Women: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Mariam Waheed, Sadia Batool, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Ume-E-Salma Liaqat, Arslan Arshad, Muhammad Muzammil Hasnain, Muhammad Mudassir Riaz, Maham Fatima, Saima Talib","doi":"10.1080/03670244.2025.2580013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anemia is a major public health concern affecting rural women during pregnancy and contributing to maternal and fetal complications. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form linked to inadequate diet, repeated pregnancies, and limited access to healthcare. Infections, poverty, low health literacy further increase the risk. According to epidemiological studies, in rural areas, anemia prevalence exceeds 60% with maternal impacts such as fatigue, infections, postpartum depression, and even risk of death for the mother, while restricted growth of fetus in womb, premature birth, and delayed brain development are also linked. Poverty and cultural obstacles make it even harder to diagnose and prevent anemia. Rather, insufficient use of food supplements worsens outcomes. Future efforts should focus on affordable diagnostics and context-specific interventions for addressing anemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11511,"journal":{"name":"Ecology of Food and Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"4-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecology of Food and Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2025.2580013","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/10/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Anemia is a major public health concern affecting rural women during pregnancy and contributing to maternal and fetal complications. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form linked to inadequate diet, repeated pregnancies, and limited access to healthcare. Infections, poverty, low health literacy further increase the risk. According to epidemiological studies, in rural areas, anemia prevalence exceeds 60% with maternal impacts such as fatigue, infections, postpartum depression, and even risk of death for the mother, while restricted growth of fetus in womb, premature birth, and delayed brain development are also linked. Poverty and cultural obstacles make it even harder to diagnose and prevent anemia. Rather, insufficient use of food supplements worsens outcomes. Future efforts should focus on affordable diagnostics and context-specific interventions for addressing anemia.
期刊介绍：
Ecology of Food and Nutrition is an international journal of food and nutrition in the broadest sense. The journal publishes peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of food and nutrition -- ecological, biological, and cultural. Ecology of Food and Nutrition strives to become a forum for disseminating scholarly information on the holistic and cross-cultural dimensions of the study of food and nutrition. It emphasizes foods and food systems not only in terms of their utilization to satisfy human nutritional needs and health, but also to promote and contest social and cultural identity. The content scope is thus wide -- articles may focus on the relationship between food and nutrition, food taboos and preferences, ecology and political economy of food, the evolution of human nutrition, changes in food habits, food technology and marketing, food and identity, and food sustainability. Additionally, articles focusing on the application of theories and methods to address contemporary food and nutrition problems are encouraged. Questions of the relationship between food/nutrition and culture are as germane to the journal as analyses of the interactions among nutrition and environment, infection and human health.
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