Orthodontic tooth movement following bone regeneration with modified bone graft materials treated with a biosilane coupling agent.

Abstract

Purpose: The impact of bone regeneration using bone graft materials on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remains unclear. This study was designed to histologically and biologically evaluate the influence of bone graft materials treated with a biosilane coupling agent on early bone formation and their effect on OTM.

Methods: Maxillary first molars of 4-week-old male Wistar rats were extracted, followed by alveolar bone regeneration using either carbonate apatite (Cytrans granules; Cyt) or biosilane-treated Cytrans (DI6M-Cyt). After 2 weeks, nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) closed-coil springs were applied to exert mesial traction on the second molars, inducing OTM for 14 or 28 days. Bone formation characteristics and tooth movement patterns were evaluated via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] staining), and nanoindentation testing.

Results: Initial bone formation was noted in the DI6M-Cyt group relative to the untreated group, the rigidity of the newly formed bone approaching that of natural bone, thus inhibiting aberrant tooth movement following OTM. Furthermore, osteoclast activity was appropriately regulated, maintaining balanced bone remodeling.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that biosilane-treated bone graft materials enhance bone regeneration and that the newly formed bone does not impede OTM.