Distribution and epidemiological factors influencing Eimeria species occurrence in commercial chicken farms in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria

IF 1.6 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101359

Oluwayomi O. Adeyemi , Mustapha F. Isaac , Abigail O. Obi , Razavi H. Hananeh , Kim B. Stevens , Damer P. Blake , Isa D. Jatau , Bamidele Akinsanya , Emmanuel T. Idowu

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Abstract

Eimeria parasites, the causative agents of coccidiosis, are among the most economically significant pathogens in the global poultry industry. Understanding their epidemiology is important for effective control. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors of Eimeria parasites in commercial chicken farms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Between July and October 2020, pooled faecal/litter samples were collected from 265 chicken flocks across 157 randomly selected farms in Lagos-East (LE) and Lagos-West (LW) senatorial districts. Samples were screened microscopically for oocysts and quantified using the McMaster technique (oocysts per gram: opg). A subset of 30 samples positive for oocysts were analysed by PCR for species identification. Farm structure, management, and biosecurity practices were assessed via semi-structured questionnaires. Eimeria spp. were detected in 58.6% (92/157) of farms and 47.5% (126/265) of flocks, with a mean oocyst load of 5.2 x 10⁴ ± 2.2 x 10⁵ opg. The most common species detected was Eimeria acervulina (100.0%, 30/30) while E. lata (3.3%, 1/30) and E. zaria (3.3%, 1/30) were present but least common. LE farms had lower odds of infection (OR: 0.2, P < 0.001) while those that housed multiple chicken types had a higher risk (OR: 5.0, P < 0.001). At flock level, increased risk was associated with birds aged 6-10 weeks and placing feed in cages. Birds in battery cages had significantly lower oocyst counts than those on deep litter (β: 108,769.4, P = 0.006). This study highlighted the high prevalence of Eimeria in chicken farms in Lagos State and provided insights for improved control.

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尼日利亚西南部拉各斯州商业养鸡场艾美耳亚种分布及流行病学影响因素

球虫病的病原体艾美耳球虫是全球家禽业中最具经济意义的病原体之一。了解其流行病学对有效控制非常重要。本研究确定了尼日利亚拉各斯州商业养鸡场艾美耳虫寄生虫的流行情况和危险因素。2020年7月至10月期间，从拉各斯-东（LE）和拉各斯-西（LW）参议院选区随机选择的157个农场的265只鸡群中收集了粪便/垃圾样本。样品在显微镜下筛选卵囊，并使用麦克马斯特技术（每克卵囊：opg）进行定量。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）对30份卵囊阳性样本进行物种鉴定。通过半结构化问卷对农场结构、管理和生物安全做法进行评估。58.6%（92/157）的养殖场和47.5%（126/265）的鸡群检出艾美耳球虫，平均卵囊负荷为5.2 × 104±2.2 × 105 opg。以尖角艾美耳球虫（Eimeria acervulina, 100.0%, 30/30）最多检出，其次为埃梅里亚（E. lata, 3.3%, 1/30）和扎里亚（E. zaria, 3.3%, 1/30）。LE鸡场感染的几率较低（OR: 0.2, P < 0.001），而饲养多种鸡的鸡场感染的风险较高（OR: 5.0, P < 0.001）。在鸟群水平上，6-10周龄的鸟和将饲料放在笼子里会增加风险。笼内卵囊计数显著低于深窝（β: 108,769.4, P = 0.006）。该研究强调了拉各斯州养鸡场艾美耳球虫的高流行率，并为改进控制提供了见解。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

126

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).