Wideband 1 × 2 tree-shaped fractal antenna array with gain enhancement and sidelobe level reduction for sub-6 GHz 5G applications

IF 3 Q3 Physics and Astronomy

Results in Optics Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI:10.1016/j.rio.2025.100918

Rania Hamdy Elabd , Ahmed J.A. Al-Gburi , Amany A. Megahed

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Abstract

This research presents a wideband (WB) 1 × 2 tree-shaped fractal antenna (TFA) array designed for sub-6 GHz 5G applications, featuring sidelobe level (SLL) reduction and gain enhancement. The array consists of two linearly arranged TFAs combined with a Wilkinson power divider (WPD) using a single-feed configuration. The WPD is selected due to its wide bandwidth, strong suppression factor, compact size, simple structure, excellent port isolation, and low insertion loss. A single TFA element, fabricated on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.57 mm, has dimensions of 38.5 × 49.5 mm². It operates from 2.2 GHz to beyond 5 GHz, achieving a gain of 2.2–4.5 dBi. The proposed 1 × 2 array layout measures 76.5 × 81.36 mm² and employs defected ground structure (DGS) and stub-loading techniques to suppress SLL and enhance gain. The array achieves a reflection coefficient better than –25 dB and an SLL of –13.2 dB. At the resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz, the gain improves significantly, rising from 3.2 dBi (single element) to 7.5 dBi (array). Simulated and experimental results confirm excellent agreement, validating the effectiveness of the proposed design.

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用于sub-6 GHz 5G应用的增益增强和旁瓣电平降低的宽带1 × 2树形分形天线阵列

本研究提出了一种用于sub-6 GHz 5G应用的宽带（WB） 1 × 2树形分形天线（TFA）阵列，具有降低旁瓣电平（SLL）和增强增益的特点。该阵列由两个线性排列的tfa与使用单馈电配置的威尔金森功率分配器（WPD）相结合组成。选择WPD的原因是其带宽宽、抑制系数强、体积小、结构简单、端口隔离性能好、插入损耗低。在Rogers RT5880衬底上制作的单个TFA元件的相对介电常数为2.2，厚度为1.57 mm，尺寸为38.5 × 49.5 mm2。它的工作范围为2.2 GHz至5 GHz以上，增益为2.2 - 4.5 dBi。提出的1 × 2阵列布局尺寸为76.5 × 81.36 mm2，采用缺陷接地结构（DGS）和存根加载技术来抑制SLL和提高增益。该阵列的反射系数优于-25 dB， SLL为-13.2 dB。在3.5 GHz的谐振频率下，增益显著提高，从3.2 dBi（单元件）上升到7.5 dBi（阵列）。仿真结果与实验结果吻合良好，验证了设计的有效性。

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