{"title":"The effect of emotional music on Just-About-Right and speeded-responses to chocolate","authors":"Jennifer Wagner , Simone Poggesi , Robyn Maggs , Joanne Hort","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105746","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has demonstrated effects of emotional music on sensory perception of food, with many findings supporting a more favourable evaluation of foods when eaten while listening to positive music over negative emotional music. As the food industry becomes more focused on testing in realistic environments, there is a greater need to investigate the effects of auditory input on consumer perception when captured with measurement tools used in consumer sensory research. Consumers attending an event in New Zealand, took part in a chocolate tasting where they consumed milk or dark chocolate in positive and negative emotional music conditions. Consumer responses included emotional and sensory associations to the samples using a speeded response task, liking and Just-About-Right evaluations. Findings showed liking of dark chocolate was significantly higher in the positive as compared with the negative emotional music condition, whereas sensory changes were restricted to milk chocolate for the sweetness attribute where it was rated as higher in the positive as compared with the negative emotional music condition. Speeded emotional and sensory associations were highly susceptible to the effects of emotional music. Furthermore, exploratory penalty analysis revealed that emotional music can impact consumer feedback on attribute importance. This study builds on current understandings of the effects emotional music can have on automatic consumer responses, specifically speeded self-reported responses and gives further clarity on how the relationship between attributes and their link with liking may change with emotional music. The findings of this study offer a new insight into how emotional music can influence consumer and sensory science study outcomes when speeded self-report and JAR are used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 105746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food Quality and Preference","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950329325003210","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/10/19 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Research has demonstrated effects of emotional music on sensory perception of food, with many findings supporting a more favourable evaluation of foods when eaten while listening to positive music over negative emotional music. As the food industry becomes more focused on testing in realistic environments, there is a greater need to investigate the effects of auditory input on consumer perception when captured with measurement tools used in consumer sensory research. Consumers attending an event in New Zealand, took part in a chocolate tasting where they consumed milk or dark chocolate in positive and negative emotional music conditions. Consumer responses included emotional and sensory associations to the samples using a speeded response task, liking and Just-About-Right evaluations. Findings showed liking of dark chocolate was significantly higher in the positive as compared with the negative emotional music condition, whereas sensory changes were restricted to milk chocolate for the sweetness attribute where it was rated as higher in the positive as compared with the negative emotional music condition. Speeded emotional and sensory associations were highly susceptible to the effects of emotional music. Furthermore, exploratory penalty analysis revealed that emotional music can impact consumer feedback on attribute importance. This study builds on current understandings of the effects emotional music can have on automatic consumer responses, specifically speeded self-reported responses and gives further clarity on how the relationship between attributes and their link with liking may change with emotional music. The findings of this study offer a new insight into how emotional music can influence consumer and sensory science study outcomes when speeded self-report and JAR are used.
期刊介绍:
Food Quality and Preference is a journal devoted to sensory, consumer and behavioural research in food and non-food products. It publishes original research, critical reviews, and short communications in sensory and consumer science, and sensometrics. In addition, the journal publishes special invited issues on important timely topics and from relevant conferences. These are aimed at bridging the gap between research and application, bringing together authors and readers in consumer and market research, sensory science, sensometrics and sensory evaluation, nutrition and food choice, as well as food research, product development and sensory quality assurance. Submissions to Food Quality and Preference are limited to papers that include some form of human measurement; papers that are limited to physical/chemical measures or the routine application of sensory, consumer or econometric analysis will not be considered unless they specifically make a novel scientific contribution in line with the journal''s coverage as outlined below.