Chemical diversity of wild immortelle populations from Montenegro

IF 2.2 4区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2025.105153

Andreja Komnenić , Danijela Stešević , Zoran Jovović , Miljan Bigović , Dejan Pljevljakušić

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Abstract

Although the chemical composition of immortelle (Helichrysum italicum [Roth] G. Don fil.) has been extensively studied, data on the chemical diversity of its natural populations in Montenegro remain scarce. This study investigates the essential oil content and composition of 26 wild immortelle populations collected across the species' natural range in Montenegro. The essential oil content ranged from 0.12 % to 0.48 %. The ten most abundant compounds identified in all essential oil samples were α-pinene, italidione I–III, γ-curcumene, neryl acetate, β-selinene, linalool, ar-curcumene, and limonene. Multivariate analysis based on essential oil composition revealed five distinct clusters. The relationships between abiotic factors and both essential oil content and composition were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Essential oil content (%) was negatively correlated with the sum of effective temperatures (r = −0.48) and positively correlated with altitude (r = 0.52) and average annual precipitation (r = 0.48). Negative correlations were observed between soil pH and limonene (r = −0.49) and the sum of effective temperatures and nerol (r = −0.46), while positive correlations were found between continentality and italidione III (r = 0.52), altitude and italidione I (r = 0.45), soil P₂O₅ content and 1,8-cineole (r = 0.46), soil K₂O content and δ-cadinene (r = 0.44), and soil K₂O content and linalool (r = 0.63). These findings represent the first comprehensive assessment of the chemical diversity of wild immortelle populations from Montenegro, highlighting pronounced intraspecific variation and importance of environmental factors in shaping the chemical profile of its essential oil.

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黑山野生不朽种群的化学多样性

尽管人们已经广泛研究了意大利蜡菊（Helichrysum italicum [Roth] G. Don fil.）的化学成分，但黑山自然种群的化学多样性数据仍然很少。本研究调查了在黑山自然范围内收集的26个野生不朽种群的精油含量和成分。挥发油含量为0.12% ~ 0.48%。所有精油样品中含量最高的10种化合物分别是α-蒎烯、意式二酮I-III、γ-姜黄烯、醋酸neryl、β-亚麻烯、芳樟醇、ar-姜黄烯和柠檬烯。基于精油成分的多变量分析显示了五个不同的簇。采用Pearson相关系数评价非生物因子与精油含量和成分的关系。挥发油含量（%）与有效温度和呈负相关（r = - 0.48），与海拔高度（r = 0.52）和年平均降水量（r = 0.48）呈正相关。土壤pH与柠檬烯（r = - 0.49）、有效温度与橙酚（r = - 0.46）呈负相关，而大陆性与意式二酮III （r = 0.52）、海拔与意式二酮I （r = 0.45）、P2O5含量与1,8-桉叶脑（r = 0.46）、K2O含量与δ-cadinene （r = 0.44）、K2O含量与芳樟醇（r = 0.63）呈正相关。这些发现是对黑山野生不朽物种化学多样性的首次全面评估，突出了明显的种内变异和环境因素在形成其精油化学特征方面的重要性。

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来源期刊

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 生物-进化生物学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

147

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Biochemical Systematics and Ecology is devoted to the publication of original papers and reviews, both submitted and invited, in two subject areas: I) the application of biochemistry to problems relating to systematic biology of organisms (biochemical systematics); II) the role of biochemistry in interactions between organisms or between an organism and its environment (biochemical ecology). In the Biochemical Systematics subject area, comparative studies of the distribution of (secondary) metabolites within a wider taxon (e.g. genus or family) are welcome. Comparative studies, encompassing multiple accessions of each of the taxa within their distribution are particularly encouraged. Welcome are also studies combining classical chemosystematic studies (such as comparative HPLC-MS or GC-MS investigations) with (macro-) molecular phylogenetic studies. Studies that involve the comparative use of compounds to help differentiate among species such as adulterants or substitutes that illustrate the applied use of chemosystematics are welcome. In contrast, studies solely employing macromolecular phylogenetic techniques (gene sequences, RAPD studies etc.) will be considered out of scope. Discouraged are manuscripts that report known or new compounds from a single source taxon without addressing a systematic hypothesis. Also considered out of scope are studies using outdated and hard to reproduce macromolecular techniques such as RAPDs in combination with standard chemosystematic techniques such as GC-FID and GC-MS.