Common-Mode Interference in Biopotential Amplifiers: Modeling, Analysis, and Design Strategies for Various Recording Setups

IF 4.9

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI:10.1109/TBCAS.2025.3624394

Seung-gi Hyoung;Nahmil Koo

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Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of techniques for mitigating common-mode interference (CMI) in biopotential analog front-ends (AFEs). The mechanisms of CMI generation in various biopotential measurement scenarios, including neurostimulation and two-electrode ECG, are modeled electrically. The impact of CMI on signal quality is analyzed from both small-signal and large-signal views, highlighting the scenario-dependent nature of the CMI issue. Techniques for improving the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) are introduced to suppress CMI in small-signal conditions. The concept of total CMRR (TCMRR), which incorporates the effect of asymmetric contact impedance, is reviewed, and corresponding design strategies for maximizing TCMRR are analyzed. In the large-signal view, CMI-induced distortion and approaches for enhancing tolerance CMI are discussed, addressing both sub-supply and over-supply CMI scenarios. By analyzing mitigation techniques across different measurement contexts, this review offers practical design insights to guide future biopotential AFE designers in selecting the most appropriate solutions.

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生物电位放大器中的共模干扰：各种记录设置的建模、分析和设计策略。

本文综述了生物电位模拟前端（AFEs）中减轻共模干扰（CMI）的技术。在不同的生物电位测量场景下，包括神经刺激和双电极ECG， CMI的产生机制被电建模。从小信号和大信号两个角度分析了CMI对信号质量的影响，突出了CMI问题的情景依赖性。介绍了提高共模抑制比（CMRR）的技术，以抑制小信号条件下的共模抑制比。综述了考虑非对称接触阻抗影响的总接触阻抗（TCMRR）概念，并分析了最大化TCMRR的设计策略。在大信号视图中，讨论了CMI引起的失真和提高公差CMI的方法，解决了供应不足和供应过剩的CMI情况。通过分析不同测量环境下的缓解技术，本综述提供了实用的设计见解，以指导未来生物电位AFE设计者选择最合适的解决方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems

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