A Multitrait Polygenic Risk Score for Open-Angle Glaucoma Stratifies Risk of Pigmentary Glaucoma in Pigment Dispersion Syndrome

Abstract

Objective

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is a known risk factor for glaucoma, with at least 1 in 10 patients with PDS developing glaucoma. There are no standardized clinical tools to stratify the risk of glaucoma onset or progression in the context of PDS. This study investigated whether multitrait polygenic risk scores (PRSs) built from variants collectively associated with open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP), and vertical cup:disc ratio (VCDR) could stratify individuals with PDS for their risk of glaucoma development.

Design

Cross-sectional study of 2 independent PDS cohorts: the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma (ANZRAG, n = 264), and the Glaucoma Services at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (n = 203).

Participants

Participants of European ancestry with PDS were classified as PDS-Glaucoma (n = 288), PDS-Glaucoma Suspect (n = 110), or PDS-No Glaucoma (n = 69).

Methods

Previously published and validated PRS for open-angle glaucoma, IOP, and VCDR were expressed as a percentile or quintile of an ancestrally matched normal population. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analyses were performed.

Main Outcome Measures

Odds of pigmentary glaucoma and odds of clinically relevant outcomes.

Results

Participants from ANZRAG with PDS in the top quintile of an open-angle glaucoma-PRS had greater odds of glaucoma diagnosis compared with the bottom quintile (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–21.28; P = 0.011). This observation was replicated among participants with PDS from the University of Iowa (adjusted OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.24–13.85; P = 0.021). Among those with PDS-Glaucoma across both cohorts combined, participants in the top quintile of glaucoma-PRS compared with the bottom quintile were diagnosed 8 years earlier (95% CI, 5.17–10.41; P < 0.001), recorded a maximum IOP 8 mmHg higher (95% CI, 2.89–11.95; P = 0.001), were at greater risk of escalation to incisional surgery (adjusted OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.87; P = 0.038), and were at greater risk of additional incisional surgeries to the same eye (adjusted OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08–1.52; P = 0.006). A PRS for IOP also differentiated pigmentary glaucoma status; a PRS for VCDR did not.

Conclusions

A multitrait PRS for open-angle glaucoma stratifies risk of glaucoma onset and disease severity among individuals with PDS.

Financial Disclosure(s)

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.