Oral delivery of chitosan-conjugated polyvalent vaccine on immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Edwardsiella tarda in Koi carp Cyprinus carpio

IF 2.4 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Aquaculture International Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI:10.1007/s10499-025-02280-6

Mayavan Veeramuthu Rajeswari, Eswaramoorthy Thirumalaikumar, Ernest Finlay Emmanuel, Tamilvanan Nivetha, Dhatchanamoorthi Pattabiraman, Thavasimuthu Citarasu

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Abstract

An aquaculture farm may sustain higher losses from multiple bacterial infections than from a single infectious agent. Polyvalent vaccination is the most recent effective approach for the prevention of multiple infectious diseases in aquaculture. This research attempts to develop and evaluate a potential polyvalent vaccine for koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) that can be used to treat three main bacterial infections by Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Edwardsiella tarda. The polyvalent vaccine was prepared by mixing formalin-killed bacterial whole cells of A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and E. tarda strains. Prepared polyvalent vaccines were encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles, and size was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A total number of 150 koi carp (C. carpio) (8 ± 0.5 g) were divided into three groups in triplicate. The group I fish were untreated with the polyvalent vaccine and considered a control group; group II were treated with the polyvalent vaccine-coated experimental diet; and group III were immunized with the chitosan conjugated polyvalent vaccine by feed-based oral method, and the experimental trial period was 30 days. Samples of blood and serum were collected in all experimental groups for hematological and immunological analysis on the 15th and 30th days. The immune-related genes TGF, IL1β, and IL10 showed significantly higher expression after vaccination. After 30 days of treatment, the fish of all four groups were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and E. tarda. The results revealed that fish immunized with the polyvalent vaccine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles had significantly improved hematological and immunological parameters as well as higher survival rates against A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and E. tarda when compared to the other control. The chitosan-conjugated polyvalent vaccine efficacy in protecting koi carp Cyprinus carpio exhibited an RPS of 74% against A. hydrophila, 70% against A. caviae, and 68% against E. tarda. This result suggested that the polyvalent vaccine is a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of disease caused by A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and E. tarda in a koi carp model.

Graphical Abstract

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壳聚糖结合多价疫苗口服对鲤嗜水气单胞菌、鱼子狸气单胞菌和迟发爱德华氏菌的免疫应答和抗病研究

水产养殖场因多种细菌感染而遭受的损失可能比单一感染源造成的损失更大。多价疫苗接种是预防水产养殖多种传染病的最新有效方法。本研究试图开发和评估一种潜在的鲤鱼多价疫苗，该疫苗可用于治疗三种主要的细菌感染：嗜水气单胞菌、鱼子气单胞菌和迟发爱德华菌。将福尔马林杀死的嗜水单胞菌、鼠腹单胞菌和迟缓单胞菌全细胞混合制备多价疫苗。将制备的多价疫苗包被壳聚糖纳米颗粒，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）对其大小进行测定。选取鲤（C. carpio） 150尾（8±0.5 g），分为3组，每组3尾。第一组鱼未经多价疫苗处理，作为对照组；II组饲喂多价疫苗包被试验饲粮；第三组采用以饲料为基础的口服方法接种壳聚糖结合多价疫苗，试验期为30 d。各试验组于第15天和第30天采集血液和血清进行血液学和免疫学分析。免疫相关基因TGF、il - 1β、il - 10在接种后表达显著升高。处理30天后，四组鱼均被毒力强的嗜水拟虫、洞穴拟虫和迟缓拟虫攻毒。结果表明，经壳聚糖纳米颗粒包封的多价疫苗免疫后，鱼的血液学和免疫学指标明显改善，对嗜水单胞虫、鱼子酱和迟缓单胞虫的存活率较高。壳聚糖偶联多价疫苗对鲤的防效分别为74%、70%和68%。这一结果表明，该多价疫苗是一种潜在的候选疫苗，可用于预防锦鲤模型中嗜水单胞菌、鱼子狸单胞菌和迟缓单胞菌引起的疾病。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Aquaculture International 农林科学-渔业

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

6.90%

发文量

204

审稿时长

1.0 months

期刊介绍： Aquaculture International is an international journal publishing original research papers, short communications, technical notes and review papers on all aspects of aquaculture. The Journal covers topics such as the biology, physiology, pathology and genetics of cultured fish, crustaceans, molluscs and plants, especially new species; water quality of supply systems, fluctuations in water quality within farms and the environmental impacts of aquacultural operations; nutrition, feeding and stocking practices, especially as they affect the health and growth rates of cultured species; sustainable production techniques; bioengineering studies on the design and management of offshore and land-based systems; the improvement of quality and marketing of farmed products; sociological and societal impacts of aquaculture, and more. This is the official Journal of the European Aquaculture Society.