From pixels to camera: scaling superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for imaging at the quantum-limit

IF 11 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Convergence Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI:10.1186/s40580-025-00515-z

Jun Gao, Jin Chang, Bruno Lopez-Rodriguez, Iman Esmaeil Zadeh, Val Zwiller, Ali W. Elshaari

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Abstract

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as essential devices that push the boundaries of photon detection with unprecedented sensitivity, ultrahigh timing precision, and broad spectral response. Recent advancements in materials engineering, superconducting electronics integration, and cryogenic system design are enabling the evolution of SNSPDs from single-pixel detectors toward scalable arrays and large-format single-photon time tagging cameras. This perspective article surveys the rapidly evolving technological landscape underpinning this transition, focusing on innovative superconducting materials, advanced multiplexed read-out schemes, and emerging cryo-compatible electronics. We highlight how these developments are set to profoundly impact diverse applications, including quantum communication networks, deep-tissue biomedical imaging, single-molecule spectroscopy, remote sensing with unprecedented resolution, and the detection of elusive dark matter signals. By critically discussing both current challenges and promising solutions, we aim to articulate a clear, coherent vision for the next generation of SNSPD-based quantum imaging systems.

AbstractSection Graphical abstract

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从像素到相机：缩放超导纳米线单光子探测器在量子极限下的成像

超导纳米线单光子探测器（SNSPDs）以其前所未有的灵敏度、超高的定时精度和广谱响应，成为推动光子探测的重要设备。材料工程、超导电子集成和低温系统设计的最新进展使snspd从单像素探测器向可扩展阵列和大尺寸单光子时间标记相机发展。这篇观点文章调查了支撑这一转变的快速发展的技术景观，重点是创新的超导材料，先进的多路读出方案，以及新兴的低温兼容电子产品。我们强调了这些发展如何深刻地影响各种应用，包括量子通信网络，深层组织生物医学成像，单分子光谱，前所未有的分辨率遥感，以及难以捉摸的暗物质信号的探测。通过批判性地讨论当前的挑战和有希望的解决方案，我们的目标是为下一代基于snspd的量子成像系统阐明一个清晰、连贯的愿景。摘要部分图形摘要

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来源期刊

Nano Convergence Engineering-General Engineering

CiteScore

15.90

自引率

2.60%

发文量

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Nano Convergence is an internationally recognized, peer-reviewed, and interdisciplinary journal designed to foster effective communication among scientists spanning diverse research areas closely aligned with nanoscience and nanotechnology. Dedicated to encouraging the convergence of technologies across the nano- to microscopic scale, the journal aims to unveil novel scientific domains and cultivate fresh research prospects. Operating on a single-blind peer-review system, Nano Convergence ensures transparency in the review process, with reviewers cognizant of authors' names and affiliations while maintaining anonymity in the feedback provided to authors.