The role of age and physical fitness on the relationship between physical activity and executive function.

IF 3 4区心理学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI:10.1017/S1355617725101446

Matthew Stauder, Olivia Horn, Scott M Hayes

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Few studies examine the relationship between physical activity, multiple physical fitness domains (cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, speed), and cognition. Our objective was to investigate the association between physical activity and executive function in middle-aged and older adults and examine whether modifiable physical fitness components explain the relationship between physical activity and cognition.

Method: Self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and objective measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (2-minute walk test), strength (grip strength), speed (4-meter walk test), and executive function were collected from 623 adults within the Human Connectome Project-Aging (ages 36 - 100 years; mean = 59.2 years; 57.8% female). Relative importance metrics, multiple regression, and conditional process analysis were used to examine relationships of age, physical activity, and physical fitness with executive function.

Results: Greater physical fitness was related to better executive function performance (β = 0.28, p < .001). Physical activity was not associated with executive function (β = -0.04, p = .16). There was an indirect relationship between physical activity and executive function through physical fitness (ab = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.004 - 0.04). This association was explained primarily by the indirect association of cardiorespiratory fitness with physical activity and executive function. The indirect association of cardiorespiratory fitness with physical activity and executive function was significant in older study participants (mean (59 years) and + 1 SD (74 years)), but not younger (-1 SD (44 years)), although between-group comparisons were not significant.

Conclusions: These data highlight potential differential associations with cognition when considering physical activity and physical fitness, and the importance of considering multiple domains of physical fitness in relation to physical activity and cognitive performance.

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年龄和体质在体力活动与执行功能关系中的作用。

目的：很少有研究考察体力活动、多个身体健康领域（心肺健康、力量、速度）和认知之间的关系。我们的目的是调查中老年人身体活动与执行功能之间的关系，并检查可改变的身体健康成分是否解释了身体活动与认知之间的关系。方法：收集623名成人（年龄36 - 100岁，平均59.2岁，57.8%为女性）自我报告的中高强度体力活动和心肺健康（2分钟步行测试）、力量（握力）、速度（4米步行测试）和执行功能的客观测量数据。使用相对重要性指标、多元回归和条件过程分析来检验年龄、身体活动和身体健康与执行功能的关系。结果：较好的身体素质与较好的执行功能表现相关（β = 0.28, p < 0.001）。体力活动与执行功能无关（β = -0.04, p = .16）。体力活动与执行功能之间存在间接关系（ab = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.004 ~ 0.04）。这种关联主要是通过心肺健康与身体活动和执行功能的间接关联来解释的。心肺健康与身体活动和执行功能的间接关联在年龄较大的研究参与者（平均（59岁）和+ 1 SD（74岁））中显著，但在年龄较小的参与者（-1 SD（44岁））中不显著，尽管组间比较不显著。结论：这些数据强调了在考虑身体活动和身体健康时与认知的潜在差异关联，以及考虑与身体活动和认知表现相关的多个身体健康领域的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

3.80%

发文量

185

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society is the official journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, an organization of over 4,500 international members from a variety of disciplines. The Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society welcomes original, creative, high quality research papers covering all areas of neuropsychology. The focus of articles may be primarily experimental, applied, or clinical. Contributions will broadly reflect the interest of all areas of neuropsychology, including but not limited to: development of cognitive processes, brain-behavior relationships, adult and pediatric neuropsychology, neurobehavioral syndromes (such as aphasia or apraxia), and the interfaces of neuropsychology with related areas such as behavioral neurology, neuropsychiatry, genetics, and cognitive neuroscience. Papers that utilize behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological measures are appropriate. To assure maximum flexibility and to promote diverse mechanisms of scholarly communication, the following formats are available in addition to a Regular Research Article: Brief Communication is a shorter research article; Rapid Communication is intended for "fast breaking" new work that does not yet justify a full length article and is placed on a fast review track; Case Report is a theoretically important and unique case study; Critical Review and Short Review are thoughtful considerations of topics of importance to neuropsychology and include meta-analyses; Dialogue provides a forum for publishing two distinct positions on controversial issues in a point-counterpoint format; Special Issue and Special Section consist of several articles linked thematically; Letter to the Editor responds to recent articles published in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society; and Book Review, which is considered but is no longer solicited.