Dermisichthinium pseudosporum gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Suessiaceae): a dinoflagellate parasite in freshwater fish in Wisconsin, USA.

Abstract

A novel dinoflagellate is described from bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, largemouth bass Micropterus nigricans, and yellow perch Perca flavescens collected from Lundgren Lake and Townsend Flowage, Wisconsin, USA. A new genus, Dermisichthinium gen. nov., is established for this species, D. pseudosporum sp. nov., which produces white spots grossly similar to those caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Microscopically, however, the vegetative cysts of D. pseudosporum closely resemble Haidadinium ichthyophilum, a parasite of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Haidadinium ichthyophilum was collected from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada, for morphological and molecular comparison. Molecular analysis of the small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions supports the novel species description and erection of a new genus. Pairwise comparisons of partial 18S and 28S sequences revealed divergence levels approximately 3 times greater than those among congeneric suessiacean dinoflagellates. Dermisichthinium pseudosporum sp. nov. lacks a 25 bp insertion in 28S unique to H. ichthyophilum, providing a molecular character for distinguishing the 2 species and supporting their placement in separate genera. Phylogenetic analyses consistently place D. pseudosporum sp. nov. and H. ichthyophilum in distinct clades. This study enhances our understanding of parasitic dinoflagellate diversity, underscores the importance of integrating morphological, molecular, and other diagnostic characteristics in their taxonomic classification, and offers valuable diagnostic insight for fish health professionals and parasitologists encountering this unusual group of cyst-forming dinoflagellates.