Exploring Charge Transport and Hysteresis Effects in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Dynamic Measurements and Analytical Modeling

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology, already achieving efficiencies surpassing 26%. However, effects such as hysteresis are commonly observed due to the interplay of ionic and electronic transport occurring over different timescales. In this work, we presented a unified analytical framework for characterizing charge transport and hysteresis in PSCs, validated through experiments on standard n-i-p mesoporous devices. Beyond small-signal impedance spectroscopy, our model also explains the large-signal response under pulsed and sinusoidal voltage inputs. Sinusoidal I–V analysis combined with the Fourier transform revealed the system's transition from capacitive to inductive-like response, depending on excitation frequency. Therefore, this work provides not only theoretical insights but also a step-by-step methodology. By combining small- and large-signal experiments within a single interpretive framework, our approach offers a physically grounded and experimentally accessible strategy for decoding and managing nonlinear and memory-driven effects in PSCs.