Review: Hot cracking during welding nickel-based superalloys

IF 3.9 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Science Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI:10.1007/s10853-025-11581-3

Weicong Kong, Kun Liu, Wei Li, Zengchao Gao, Jiasheng Zou, Jie Li

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Abstract

Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in aerospace, energy, and chemical industries due to their excellent high-temperature strength, creep resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability. However, hot cracks are prone to occur during welding nickel-based superalloys, which can seriously damage the structural integrity, load-bearing capacity, fatigue life, and overall safety of welded components. Therefore, this article systematically reviews the composition classification system of nickel-based superalloys and the current application of welding techniques such as fusion welding, solid phase welding, and brazing in nickel-based superalloys. It also provides an in-depth analysis of common hot cracking issues during nickel-based superalloy welding. This analysis includes the formation mechanisms of solidification cracking, liquation cracking, and ductility-dip cracking, as well as the influence of important factors such as element segregation, thermal stress concentration, and grain boundary weakening on hot cracking. In addition, this paper also sorts out the susceptibility test methods of hot cracking in nickel-based superalloys. This review provides a solid theoretical basis and technical support for the development of new nickel-based superalloy welding technology, hot cracking susceptibility test methods, and the exploration of more effective hot cracking suppression strategies.

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综述：镍基高温合金焊接过程中的热裂

镍基高温合金因其优异的高温强度、抗蠕变、耐腐蚀、高温稳定性等优点，在航空航天、能源、化工等领域得到了广泛的应用。然而，镍基高温合金在焊接过程中容易产生热裂纹，严重破坏被焊构件的结构完整性、承载能力、疲劳寿命和整体安全性。因此，本文系统地综述了镍基高温合金的成分分类体系，以及熔焊、固相焊、钎焊等焊接技术在镍基高温合金中的应用现状。并对镍基高温合金焊接过程中常见的热裂问题进行了深入分析。分析了凝固裂纹、液化裂纹和塑性倾斜裂纹的形成机理，以及元素偏析、热应力集中和晶界弱化等重要因素对热裂纹的影响。此外，本文还整理了镍基高温合金热裂敏感性试验方法。本文综述为开发新的镍基高温合金焊接技术、热裂敏感性试验方法、探索更有效的热裂抑制策略提供了坚实的理论基础和技术支持。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Materials Science 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

4.40%

发文量

1297

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Materials Science publishes reviews, full-length papers, and short Communications recording original research results on, or techniques for studying the relationship between structure, properties, and uses of materials. The subjects are seen from international and interdisciplinary perspectives covering areas including metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, electrical materials, composite materials, fibers, nanostructured materials, nanocomposites, and biological and biomedical materials. The Journal of Materials Science is now firmly established as the leading source of primary communication for scientists investigating the structure and properties of all engineering materials.