Ag Nanowire/Polyamide 66 Nanofiber Membranes for Strain Sensing, Humidity Detection, and Dual-Mode Thermal Response

Abstract

Developing flexible electronic skin that simultaneously possesses multiple high-performance functionalities remains a critical challenge for meeting increasingly complex application demands. To address this challenge, a multifunctional silver nanowire and polyamide 66 (AgNWs/PA66) nanofiber membrane with outstanding strain sensing, humidity detection, and photothermal and electrothermal responses was fabricated by electrospinning and vacuum filtration. Featuring an extremely low sheet resistance of 0.40 Ω/sq, the proposed composite membrane exhibits strain sensing capability with a gauge factor (GF) of 3.41 at strains below 10%, effective humidity sensing over 5–90% relative humidity, significant photothermal behavior showing temperature elevation from 32.7 to 65.8 °C at 1.0 W/cm² irradiation, and superior electrothermal performance reaching 64.1 °C at 2.25 V via Joule heating. These collective characteristics enable exceptional energy conversion efficiency and broad application prospects in multidimensional smart wearable devices, human–computer interactive systems, and human body thermal comfort management.