First phytochemical study of the leaves and stem bark of Grewia brunnea K. Schum. (Malvaceae) and antiplasmodial evaluation of the isolated compounds

IF 2 4区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2025.105155

Klev Gaïtan Sikam , Gervais Mouthé Happi , Doriane Deutou Tégaboué , Mohamed Foundikou Nsangou , Céline Djama Mbazoa , Jean Wandji , Jean Duplex Wansi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The first phytochemical investigation of the leaves and stem bark of Grewia brunnea K. Schum. led to the isolation and structural elucidation of twelve compounds, namely ursolic acid (1), rotundic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), lupeol (4), 2α-hydroxylupeol (5), betulinic acid (6), lupenone (7), kaempferol (8), β-sitosterol (9), stigmastane-3,6-dione (10), stigmasterol (11), and stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (12). Among these, two compounds (2 and 5) are reported for the first time within the Malvaceae family, contributing valuable chemotaxonomic insight. Structural elucidation was accomplished using comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR analyses, supported by chemical data and comparisons with literature references. Selected compounds (1, 3–4, and 6–8) were subsequently evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains K1 and 3D7. Among the tested compounds, lupenone (7) exhibited strong inhibitory effect on both strains, with IC₅₀ values of 4.7 ± 0.6 μM (K1) and 5.7 ± 0.8 μM (3D7). Betulinic acid (6) and lupeol (4) also demonstrated notable activity against the 3D7 strain, with IC₅₀ values of 2.1 ± 0.3 μM and 4.3 ± 0.7 μM, respectively. In contrast, compounds 1, 3, and 8 showed only weak activity against the tested strains. These findings support the classification of G. brunnea within the Grewia genus and highlight its potential as a promising source of antiplasmodial lead compounds for future drug discovery.

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褐叶青叶和茎皮的首次植物化学研究。（Malvaceae）及分离化合物的抗疟原虫性评价

褐叶青（Grewia brunnea K. Schum）叶和茎皮的首次植物化学研究。分离并鉴定了熊果酸(1)、圆圆酸(2)、齐墩果酸(3)、鹿皮醇(4)、2α-羟基鹿皮醇(5)、白桦脂酸(6)、lupenone(7)、山奈酚(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)、豆甾醇-3,6-二酮（10）、豆甾醇（11）、豆甾醇-3- o -β-d-葡萄糖苷（12）等12个化合物的结构。其中，两个化合物（2和5）为首次在Malvaceae科中报道，为化学分类提供了有价值的见解。利用综合光谱技术，包括一维和二维核磁共振分析，以及化学数据和文献比较，完成了结构鉴定。随后对选定的化合物（1、3-4和6-8）对恶性疟原虫K1和3D7株的体外抗疟原虫活性进行了评估。在所测化合物中，lupenone(7)对两种菌株均表现出较强的抑制作用，IC50值分别为4.7±0.6 μM （K1）和5.7±0.8 μM （3D7）。白桦酸(6)和鹿皮醇(4)对3D7菌株也有显著的抑制作用，IC50值分别为2.1±0.3 μM和4.3±0.7 μM。相比之下，化合物1、3和8对所测菌株仅表现出弱活性。这些发现支持了brunnea属的分类，并突出了其作为未来药物发现的抗疟原虫先导化合物的潜力。

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来源期刊

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 生物-进化生物学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

147

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Biochemical Systematics and Ecology is devoted to the publication of original papers and reviews, both submitted and invited, in two subject areas: I) the application of biochemistry to problems relating to systematic biology of organisms (biochemical systematics); II) the role of biochemistry in interactions between organisms or between an organism and its environment (biochemical ecology). In the Biochemical Systematics subject area, comparative studies of the distribution of (secondary) metabolites within a wider taxon (e.g. genus or family) are welcome. Comparative studies, encompassing multiple accessions of each of the taxa within their distribution are particularly encouraged. Welcome are also studies combining classical chemosystematic studies (such as comparative HPLC-MS or GC-MS investigations) with (macro-) molecular phylogenetic studies. Studies that involve the comparative use of compounds to help differentiate among species such as adulterants or substitutes that illustrate the applied use of chemosystematics are welcome. In contrast, studies solely employing macromolecular phylogenetic techniques (gene sequences, RAPD studies etc.) will be considered out of scope. Discouraged are manuscripts that report known or new compounds from a single source taxon without addressing a systematic hypothesis. Also considered out of scope are studies using outdated and hard to reproduce macromolecular techniques such as RAPDs in combination with standard chemosystematic techniques such as GC-FID and GC-MS.