Geology and genesis of the newly identified Early-Devonian Hatuzhongyou REE deposit, NW China: Insights from petrology, geochemistry, and isotopes

IF 12.7 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-05 DOI:10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102174

Chao Hui , Fengyue Sun , Yanqian Yang , Shahzad Bakht , Tao Tian , Tao Yu , Jianfeng Qiao , Xingsen Chen , Chengxian Liu , Yajing Zhang

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Abstract

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) is an important Cu-Co-Ni-Au-Fe metallogenic belt in China, but the degree of exploration for rare earth elements (REE) mineralization remains very limited. Following the identification of the Dagelegouxi carbonatite-associated REE-Nb deposit (2022) and the Hatuzhongyou (HT) REE deposit (2017), the researchers have paid increasing attention to the REE mineralization potential in the EKOB. The former has been systematically studied in terms of the metallogenic processes. However, no systematic studies have been conducted on the HT deposit, resulting in a research gap. Therefore, this study applies petrology, whole-rock and in-situ mineral geochemistry, geochronology and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes to investigate tectonic setting and metallogenic processes of the HT deposit.

The HT deposit represents an alkaline silicate complex (ASC)-hosted mineralization system. The ASC comprises hornblende gabbro (HG), clinopyroxene syenite (CS), hornblende-clinopyroxene syenite (HCS), and quartz-hornblende-clinopyroxene syenite (QS), displaying brecciated, stockwork, and disseminated REE ores. REE mineralization is dominated by allanite, xenotime, monazite, and bastnäesite. The zircon U-Pb concordant age of the HCS suggests that the HT ASC formed in an extensional setting induced by slab detachment and asthenospheric upwelling at ca. 413 Ma, marking a flare-up stage of magmatism and mineralization from ca. 430 Ma to 359 Ma in the EKOB. All rocks in the HT deposit are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and REE, but depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, and Eu. Petrology, mineral compositions, geochemical data, and Hf-Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions suggest that the source of the HT deposit originated from low-degree partial melting of a metasomatized enriched lithospheric mantle, followed by fractional crystallization, magmatic-hydrothermal metasomatism, and fluid boiling.

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新发现的早泥盆世哈图中游稀土矿床地质与成因：岩石学、地球化学和同位素的启示

东昆仑造山带是中国重要的Cu-Co-Ni-Au-Fe成矿带，但对稀土元素（REE）矿化的勘探程度仍然非常有限。随着大格勒沟西碳酸盐岩伴生REE- nb矿床（2022年）和哈图中游REE矿床（2017年）的发现，研究人员越来越关注东西部地区的REE成矿潜力。前者在成矿过程方面进行了系统的研究。然而，对高温沉积尚未进行系统的研究，导致研究空白。因此，本研究运用岩石学、全岩及原位矿物地球化学、年代学、Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素等方法研究高温高压矿床的构造背景和成矿过程。高温金矿床为碱性硅酸盐复合体（ASC）成矿体系。ASC由角闪石辉长岩（HG）、斜辉长岩（CS）、角闪石斜辉长岩（HCS）和石英角闪石斜辉长岩（QS）组成，显示角砾岩、网状和浸染状稀土矿。稀土矿化以褐帘石、xenotime、独居石、bastnäesite为主。HCS的锆石U-Pb一致年龄表明，HCS形成于约413 Ma的板块剥离和软流圈上升流诱发的伸展环境中，标志着EKOB约430 Ma至359 Ma的岩浆活动和矿化爆发阶段。高温沉积中所有岩石均富集大离子亲石元素（LILEs）和REE，而富集Nb、Ta、Ti和Eu。岩石学、矿物组成、地球化学数据和Hf-Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成表明，热液矿床的来源是交代富集岩石圈地幔的低程度部分熔融，然后是分馏结晶、岩浆-热液交代和流体沸腾。

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来源期刊

Geoscience frontiers Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences

CiteScore

17.80

自引率

3.40%

发文量

147

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Geoscience Frontiers (GSF) is the Journal of China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. It publishes peer-reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences. GSF covers various research areas including petrology and geochemistry, lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics, global tectonics, economic geology and fuel exploration, geophysics, stratigraphy and paleontology, environmental and engineering geology, astrogeology, and the nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals. The journal aims to bridge innovative, provocative, and challenging concepts and models in these fields, providing insights on correlations and evolution.