Development of a versatile indoor framework for the measurement of tyre compound friction and wear

Abstract

Maximising tyre performance requires balancing conflicting targets, grip, wear resistance, and rolling efficiency, while accelerating development. In this context, tribological characterisation at compound level supports faster prototyping and reduces reliance on full-scale testing. Although standards for rubber friction testing exist, they are rarely followed in literature, and procedures are often underreported. This work addresses that gap by presenting the complete development of an experimental framework for rubber friction and wear testing, with particular focus on tyre tread compound, from the definition of functional requirements to the design of a novel linear friction tester and the implementation of a robust testing methodology. The Ground Rubber Interface Performance (GRIP) tester was designed for high versatility and cost-effectiveness. A key feature is the open-access architecture, which allows practical surface management and rapid retooling. A custom back-heating system ensures uniform specimen temperature even under varying test conditions. The methodology focuses on critical but overlooked aspects: specimen conditioning, surface rubberisation, and temperature control. Case studies demonstrate the repeatability of results and the system’s sensitivity to key input parameters. Additional tests confirm the platform’s adaptability to non-tyre tribological applications.