Effect of hydrophobicity of ZnO tetrapods coating on vapour film formation and friction reduction: A study using complex approach

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110372

Lina Vorotinskienė , Ainė Antanavičė , Raminta Skvorčinskienė , Simas Račkauskas , Marius Urbonavičius , Rita Kriūkienė , Monika Maziukienė

{"title":"Effect of hydrophobicity of ZnO tetrapods coating on vapour film formation and friction reduction: A study using complex approach","authors":"Lina Vorotinskienė , Ainė Antanavičė , Raminta Skvorčinskienė , Simas Račkauskas , Marius Urbonavičius , Rita Kriūkienė , Monika Maziukienė","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110372","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water transport has an important role in economic and social development. International shipping is the most effective and cheapest transport device for bulk goods and cargo, and it carries more than 80% of world shipments. Since it is almost impossible to use electric engines using renewable energy sources in the long-distance marine transport sector, combustion engines are widely used in this field, which requires large amounts of fossil fuels. To reduce harmful pollutants released into the environment and decrease fossil fuel consumption, it is essential to lower hydrodynamic resistance. Hydrophobic coatings and the Leidenfrost effect are the main tools that could reduce friction in various industrial application. This study investigates a passive friction reduction measure using a super-hydrophobic zinc oxide (ZnO<sub>+</sub><sub>PDMS</sub>) coating, where polydimethylsiloxane polymer is embedded in the composition. Additionally, a combined approach integrating this coating with the Leidenfrost effect (active measure) was examined to evaluate its impact on vapour film formation, lifetime, and hydrodynamic resistance. Experiments demonstrated that ZnO<sub>+</sub><sub>PDMS</sub>-coated aluminium samples exhibited an effective Leidenfrost effect, with vapour films persisting for 14 s at 300 °C, compared to only 0.5 s for uncoated aluminium. In friction reduction tests, the ZnO<sub>+</sub><sub>PDMS</sub> coating increased falling velocity by 10.5%, while the Leidenfrost effect alone improved it by 18.5 %. The combined approach yielded a 13% increase in velocity, demonstrating the potential of integrating passive and active methods for enhanced efficiency in marine transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 110372"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1290072925006957","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Water transport has an important role in economic and social development. International shipping is the most effective and cheapest transport device for bulk goods and cargo, and it carries more than 80% of world shipments. Since it is almost impossible to use electric engines using renewable energy sources in the long-distance marine transport sector, combustion engines are widely used in this field, which requires large amounts of fossil fuels. To reduce harmful pollutants released into the environment and decrease fossil fuel consumption, it is essential to lower hydrodynamic resistance. Hydrophobic coatings and the Leidenfrost effect are the main tools that could reduce friction in various industrial application. This study investigates a passive friction reduction measure using a super-hydrophobic zinc oxide (ZnO₊_PDMS) coating, where polydimethylsiloxane polymer is embedded in the composition. Additionally, a combined approach integrating this coating with the Leidenfrost effect (active measure) was examined to evaluate its impact on vapour film formation, lifetime, and hydrodynamic resistance. Experiments demonstrated that ZnO₊_PDMS-coated aluminium samples exhibited an effective Leidenfrost effect, with vapour films persisting for 14 s at 300 °C, compared to only 0.5 s for uncoated aluminium. In friction reduction tests, the ZnO₊_PDMS coating increased falling velocity by 10.5%, while the Leidenfrost effect alone improved it by 18.5 %. The combined approach yielded a 13% increase in velocity, demonstrating the potential of integrating passive and active methods for enhanced efficiency in marine transport.

查看原文本刊更多论文

复合方法研究ZnO四足体涂层疏水性对气膜形成和摩擦减少的影响

水运在经济社会发展中具有重要作用。国际航运是最有效和最便宜的散装货物和货物运输工具，它承载了世界上80%以上的运输量。由于在远洋运输领域几乎不可能使用使用可再生能源的电动发动机，因此内燃机被广泛应用于该领域，这需要大量的化石燃料。为了减少排放到环境中的有害污染物和减少化石燃料的消耗，必须降低水动力阻力。疏水涂层和莱顿弗罗斯特效应是各种工业应用中减少摩擦的主要工具。本研究采用超疏水氧化锌（ZnO+PDMS）涂层，在组合物中嵌入聚二甲基硅氧烷聚合物，研究了一种被动减少摩擦的措施。此外，将该涂层与莱顿弗罗斯特效应（主动测量）相结合的方法进行了测试，以评估其对气膜形成、寿命和水动力阻力的影响。实验表明，ZnO+ pdms涂层的铝样品表现出有效的莱顿弗罗斯特效应，在300℃下，气膜持续14 s，而未涂层的铝样品仅持续0.5 s。在摩擦减量试验中，ZnO+PDMS涂层使下降速度提高了10.5%，而单独的莱顿弗罗斯特效应使下降速度提高了18.5%。这种综合方法使航速提高了13%，证明了将被动和主动方法结合起来提高海洋运输效率的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.