Dynamic modeling and experimental study to predict the thermal-reactive flow characteristics of infrared decoy flares under sub-atmospheric pressure

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.110399

Kangkang Zhang , Qian Lu , Yuge Han , Dengfeng Ren , Chenguang Zhu , Dong Wang

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Abstract

Infrared decoy flares are regarded as an optimal cost-effective countermeasure for aircraft protection in the aerospace and military fields. The coupling effects of sub-atmospheric pressure and complex airflow under high-altitude flight conditions substantially modulate the energy release characteristics of the pyrotechnic payload. The unsteady thermal-reactive flow characteristics of Mg/Teflon/Viton (MTV) pyrotechnics under negative-pressure environments are examined in this study through an integrated experimental and numerical approach. Sub-atmospheric pressure conditions representative of various cruise altitudes are replicated employing a vacuum combustion chamber. The thermal radiation processes of the pyrotechnic compositions under varying pressures are synchronously captured by high-speed camera and high-frequency infrared thermography, while quantitative temperature profiles are acquired via an infrared thermometer. A three-dimensional transient flow-reaction coupling solution model, simulating dynamic flight conditions, is established. Afterburning effects are computed based on a modified reaction mechanism comprising 17 species and 18-step elementary reactions. Notably, high fidelity of the numerical model is demonstrated through multi-index validation against experimental data. The results indicate that the combustion duration, infrared radiance, and flame temperature exhibit significant pressure dependency. Within the negative-pressure conditions, the reaction rate-controlling process is dominated by chemical kinetics, while the inhibitory effect exerted by the negative-pressure environment on the oxidation reaction of Mg is markedly more pronounced than that observed for the fluorination reaction. This research provides deeper insight into the dynamic combustion processes of aerospace pyrotechnics and offers crucial support for advancing the evaluation techniques concerning infrared decoy flares interference efficacy in practical countermeasure scenarios.

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亚大气压下红外诱饵弹热反应流动特性的动力学建模与实验研究

在航空航天和军事领域，红外诱饵信号弹被认为是一种性价比最高的飞机防护手段。高空飞行条件下，副大气压力和复杂气流的耦合效应在很大程度上调节了烟火弹载荷的能量释放特性。采用实验与数值相结合的方法，研究了Mg/Teflon/Viton （MTV）烟火在负压环境下的非定常热反应流动特性。采用真空燃烧室复制了代表各种巡航高度的亚大气压力条件。利用高速摄像机和高频红外热像仪同步捕捉了不同压力下烟火成分的热辐射过程，并通过红外测温仪获得了定量的温度分布。建立了模拟动态飞行条件的三维瞬态流动-反应耦合解模型。加力燃烧效应是基于一个由17种元素和18步基本反应组成的改进反应机理计算的。值得注意的是，通过对实验数据的多指标验证，证明了数值模型的高保真度。结果表明，燃烧持续时间、红外辐射和火焰温度表现出明显的压力依赖性。在负压条件下，反应速率控制过程以化学动力学为主，而负压环境对Mg氧化反应的抑制作用明显强于氟化反应。该研究为深入了解航天烟火的动态燃烧过程提供了依据，并为推进红外诱饵耀斑干扰效能评估技术在实际对抗场景中的应用提供了重要支持。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.