Dog deworming by smart collar: a 24-month field evaluation from a One Health prospective, randomized, double masked trial

Science in One Health Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.soh.2025.100125

Shijie Yang , Yuancheng Yang , Xuenian Xu , Chenqing Sun , Xiaojuan Zhang , Fan Li , Jianhong Hu , Baolin Zhong , Liying Wang , Ying Wang , Shuai Han , Chuizhao Xue , Xu Wang , Baixue Liu , Chun Fang , Guoxiang Kui , Zonglin Shen , Yu Feng , Shizhu Li , Ning Xiao , Yuhua Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Echinococcosis constitutes a major zoonotic parasitic disease with profound public health and socioeconomic implications. Dog deworming remains a cornerstone intervention endorsed by World Health Organization. This study comparatively assessed automated vs. manual praziquantel (PZQ) bait delivery systems for dog echinococcosis control.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded field trial employing a One Health framework was conducted in Tianzhu Zangzu Zizhixian, China—a cystic echinococcosis endemic region. Township-level cluster randomization allocated dogs to smart collar deworming group (SCDG) with monthly automated PZQ delivery and manual deworming group (MDG) with conventional bait administration. Intervention assignment remained masked between groups. Laboratory personnel were blinded during fecal antigen analysis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) evaluated efficacy via odds ratios (ORs) over 24 months, SPSS software (version 27.0) was used for data processing. Metrics included parasitological outcomes, deworming frequency, collar deployment and recovery rates.

Results

From June 2021 to July 2023, 1920 dogs (800 from SCDG, 1120 from MDG) were enrolled with owner consent. Among the 5119 fecal samples analyzed (2320 from SCDG, 2799 from MDG), 33 were antigen-positive (8 from SCDG, 25 from MDG). Baseline positivity showed no intergroup difference (SCDG: 0.8 % [6/792] vs. MDG: 1.2 % [13/1099], P = 0.36). At 24 months, SCDG achieved 0 % positivity (0/661) while MDG's was 0.6 % (5/789). Smart collars conferred significant protection (OR = 0.432, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.194–0.959, P < 0.0001)—equivalent to 56.8 % infection risk reduction. At 12 months, the recycling rate and integrity rate of smart collars were 83.3 % (666/800) and 74.3 % (495/666), respectively; and the proportion of dogs dewormed 6–12 times per year was 86.7 % (577/666). At 24 months, the recycling rate and integrity rate of smart collars were up to 93.6 % (749/800, χ² = 42.106, P < 0.001) and 94.1 % (705/749, χ² = 107.269, P < 0.001), respectively. During this period, 91.6 % (1202/1312) of dogs received deworming 6–12 times per year. In 2023, a total of 647 smart collars were distributed, with the recycling rate and integrity rate of 99.8 % (646/647) and 96.4 % (623/646), respectively. The proportion of dogs dewormed 6–12 times per year increased to 96.6 % (625/646, χ² = 34.969, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Field deployment of smart collars proves operationally viable, sustainably enhancing deworming frequency while reducing dog infection rates more effectively than manual methods. The 56.8 % protective effect advancement mitigates environmental egg contamination, thereby lowering zoonotic transmission risk.

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用智能项圈给狗驱虫：来自One Health前瞻性、随机、双盲试验的24个月现场评估

棘球蚴病是一种主要的人畜共患寄生虫病，具有深远的公共卫生和社会经济影响。为狗驱虫仍然是世界卫生组织认可的一项基础干预措施。本研究比较评估了自动和手动吡喹酮（PZQ）饵剂递送系统对犬棘球蚴病的控制效果。方法采用“一个健康”框架，在中国包虫病流行地区天竺藏祖紫治县进行前瞻性、随机、双盲实地试验。按乡级随机分组，将犬分为智能项圈驱虫组（SCDG）和人工驱虫组（MDG），前者每月自动给药PZQ，后者采用常规给药方式。干预任务在组间仍然被掩盖。使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行粪便抗原分析时，实验室人员采用盲法。广义估计方程（GEE）通过比值比（ORs）评估24个月的疗效，使用SPSS软件（版本27.0）进行数据处理。指标包括寄生虫学结果、驱虫频率、项圈部署和回收率。结果2021年6月至2023年7月，经饲主同意，共入组犬1920只，其中SCDG犬800只，MDG犬1120只。在5119份粪便样本中（SCDG 2320份，MDG 2799份），抗原阳性33份（SCDG 8份，MDG 25份）。基线阳性无组间差异（SCDG: 0.8% [6/792] vs MDG: 1.2% [13/1099], P = 0.36）。在24个月时，SCDG的阳性率为0%(0/661)，而MDG的阳性率为0.6%（5/789）。智能项圈具有显著的保护作用（OR = 0.432, 95%可信区间[CI]: 0.194-0.959, P < 0.0001），相当于降低56.8%的感染风险。12个月时，智能领圈回收率为83.3%(666/800)，完好率为74.3% (495/666)；年脱虫6 ~ 12次占86.7%（577/666）。24个月时，智能项圈回收率为93.6% (749/800,χ2 = 42.106, P < 0.001)，完好率为94.1% （705/749,χ2 = 107.269, P < 0.001）。在此期间，91.6%（1202/1312）的狗每年接受6-12次驱虫。2023年共发放智能项圈647个，回收率为99.8%(646/647)，完好率为96.4%（623/646）。每年脱虫6 ~ 12次的比例增加到96.6% （625/646,χ2 = 34.969, P < 0.001）。结论现场部署智能项圈在操作上是可行的，可持续提高驱虫频率，同时比人工方法更有效地降低狗的感染率。56.8%的保护效果提升减轻了环境鸡蛋污染，从而降低了人畜共患病的传播风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Science in One Health

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