Security-aware optimization of PoW-based blockchain performance using a genetic algorithm approach

Abstract

Proof of Work (PoW) Blockchain networks face significant challenges in balancing security and performance. Various attacks, such as selfish mining and Eclipse attacks, pose serious threats to the sustainability of these networks. This paper presents an optimization method of configuring consensus algorithm and network parameters using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Our goal is to enhance performance while maintaining security. We specifically target key parameters for optimization: block size, block interval, and block propagation mechanism. The goal is to minimize both median block propagation time and stale block rate, and it preserves the attack resilience of PoW blockchain networks. The presented work provides a systematic approach for configuring network of PoW blockchain parameters. It offers a solution to enhance performance without compromising security or increasing vulnerability to common attack vectors. To identify practical configurations, we employ a simulation-based method within a given network simulation environment. The approach is generally quite iterative, with GA selecting the best-performing solutions based on their fitness regarding propagation delays and attack vulnerabilities. As a result, the method achieves an overall enhancement in the performance of PoW blockchain networks without increasing security concerns.