Malaria epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and concurrent infections in Delhi, India: A hospital-based study

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103010

Joseph Hawadak , Anandi Goel , Monika Matlani , Mehvash Haider , Loick Pradel Kojom Foko , Vineeta Singh

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Abstract

Objective

Malaria remains a public health concern in India. Here, we analysed temporal trends, clinical features, concurrent infections, and determinants of malaria in patients in Delhi-based government hospital.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted between July 2022 and November 2023 in febrile patients attending a government hospital in Delhi. Clinical and biological examinations were done for each patient and screened for malaria parasites by rapid malaria antigen test and light microscopy, while concurrent infections were assessed by serological tests.

Results

A total of 4259 febrile patients were included among whom 87 (2.04 %) were infected with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria species involved in malaria cases. The clinical presentation of cases was diverse, with a dominance of chills (80.46 %), hepatosplenomegaly (64.37), myalgia (56.32 %), generalised body ache (54.02 %), and jaundice/icterus (51.72 %). A few P. vivax- and P. falciparum-induced severe malaria cases were reported, with severe anaemia being the most frequent severe form. Nearly 45 % of malaria cases were co-infected with another pathogen (i.e., dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Salmonella typhus). The climatic period July - September (aOR = 2.18; p < 0.05) and being male (aOR = 1.42; p < 0.05) were risk factors for malaria infection.

Conclusion

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were found in 2.07 % patients with a slight increase between 2022 and 2023. None of the factors tested were found to be associated with co-infections (dengue, chikungunya, and typhoid fever) or severe malaria, but in contrast, the climatic period July - September and being male were risk factors for malaria infection.

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印度德里疟疾流行病学、临床特征和并发感染：一项基于医院的研究。

目的：疟疾仍然是印度的一个公共卫生问题。在这里，我们分析了德里政府医院患者的时间趋势、临床特征、并发感染和疟疾决定因素。方法：对2022年7月至2023年11月在德里一家政府医院就诊的发热患者进行了一项纵向研究。对每位患者进行了临床和生物学检查，并通过快速疟疾抗原试验和光学显微镜检查疟疾寄生虫，同时通过血清学试验评估并发感染。结果：共纳入发热患者4259例，其中间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫感染病例87例（2.04 %）。临床表现多样，以寒战（80.46 %）、肝脾肿大（64.37）、肌痛（56.32 %）、全身疼痛（54.02 %）、黄疸/黄疸（51.72 %）为主。报告了一些间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫引起的严重疟疾病例，严重贫血是最常见的严重形式。近45% %的疟疾病例与另一种病原体（即登革热病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和斑疹伤寒沙门氏菌）合并感染。气候期7 - 9月（aOR = 2.18; p ）结论：间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫感染率为2.07 %，2022 - 2023年略有上升。检测的所有因素均未发现与合并感染（登革热、基孔肯雅热和伤寒）或严重疟疾相关，但相比之下，7月至9月的气候期和男性是疟疾感染的危险因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.