Pyrolyzed Walnut Shell-Based Flexible Electrodes for Magnetically Triggered ON/OFF DNA Release

IF 4.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Advanced Nanobiomed Research Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.1002/anbr.202500131

Paolo Bollella, Blanca Cassano, Verdiana Marchianò, Angelo Tricase, Eleonora Macchia, Luisa Torsi

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Abstract

A magnetically gated, enzymatically driven DNA release platform based on sustainable pyrolyzed walnut shell-derived carbon electrodes is reported. Upon glucose addition under aerobic conditions, biocatalytic oxygen reduction at the cathode induces a local pH increase, resulting in electrostatic repulsion of negatively charged 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled DNA (FAM-labeled DNA). Electrochemical analysis reveals an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) onset potential of +0.576 ± 0.003 V vs. Ag/AgCl and a maximum current of −8.2 ± 0.4 μA. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirms a post-ORR increase in interfacial resistance from 6.2 ± 0.5 to 11.1 ± 0.9 kΩ. DNA release reaches 97% after 400 min, corresponding to a surface density of 22 ± 4 nmol cm⁻². A competing enzymatic gate, composed of co-immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase (GOx–CAT) on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), enables remote suppression of electron flow and DNA release upon application of a 0.3 T magnetic field. Under “OFF” conditions, DNA release is reduced to 1%, and anodic current decreases by 60%. The system exhibits excellent reversibility over four ON–OFF cycles with minimal performance degradation. This bioelectronic platform represents a self-powered, reversible strategy for stimuli-responsive drug release.

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用于磁触发ON/OFF DNA释放的热解核桃壳基柔性电极

报道了一种基于可持续热解核桃壳衍生碳电极的磁门控，酶驱动的DNA释放平台。在有氧条件下添加葡萄糖后，阴极的生物催化氧还原诱导局部pH升高，导致带负电荷的5(6)-羧基荧光素标记的DNA （fam标记的DNA）产生静电排斥。电化学分析表明，氧还原反应（ORR）开始电位为+0.576±0.003 V vs. Ag/AgCl，最大电流为−8.2±0.4 μA。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）证实orr后界面电阻从6.2±0.5增加到11.1±0.9 kΩ。400 min后DNA释放率达到97%，对应的表面密度为22±4 nmol cm−2。由葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶（GOx-CAT）共同固定在磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）上的竞争性酶门，可以在0.3 T磁场的作用下远程抑制电子流和DNA释放。在“关闭”条件下，DNA释放减少到1%，阳极电流减少60%。该系统在四个ON-OFF周期内表现出优异的可逆性，性能下降最小。这种生物电子平台代表了一种自供电、可逆的刺激反应性药物释放策略。

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来源期刊

Advanced Nanobiomed Research nanomedicine, bioengineering and biomaterials-

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： Advanced NanoBiomed Research will provide an Open Access home for cutting-edge nanomedicine, bioengineering and biomaterials research aimed at improving human health. The journal will capture a broad spectrum of research from increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary fields of the traditional areas of biomedicine, bioengineering and health-related materials science as well as precision and personalized medicine, drug delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven health science. The scope of Advanced NanoBiomed Research will cover the following key subject areas: ▪ Nanomedicine and nanotechnology, with applications in drug and gene delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy and multimodal imaging. ▪ Biomaterials, including hydrogels, 2D materials, biopolymers, composites, biodegradable materials, biohybrids and biomimetics (such as artificial cells, exosomes and extracellular vesicles), as well as all organic and inorganic materials for biomedical applications. ▪ Biointerfaces, such as anti-microbial surfaces and coatings, as well as interfaces for cellular engineering, immunoengineering and 3D cell culture. ▪ Biofabrication including (bio)inks and technologies, towards generation of functional tissues and organs. ▪ Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including scaffolds and scaffold-free approaches, for bone, ligament, muscle, skin, neural, cardiac tissue engineering and tissue vascularization. ▪ Devices for healthcare applications, disease modelling and treatment, such as diagnostics, lab-on-a-chip, organs-on-a-chip, bioMEMS, bioelectronics, wearables, actuators, soft robotics, and intelligent drug delivery systems. with a strong focus on applications of these fields, from bench-to-bedside, for treatment of all diseases and disorders, such as infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and cancer; including pharmacology and toxicology studies.