Maximizing wheat straw utilization: An integrated, near-zero-waste sequential biorefining approach

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108486

Harmeet Kaur , Dinesh Goyal

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study introduces an integrated, near-zero-waste biorefining approach for comprehensive wheat straw (WS) valorization to multiple value-added products. Wheat straw underwent various chemical pretreatments wherein each step generated distinct solid and liquid streams serving as a feedstock for subsequent processing, rather than focusing on a single product. Initial dilute acid treatment (1 % (v/v) H₂SO₄) of WS (20 g) releases xylose (9.59 g/L, 51.12 %) and glucose (25 g/L, 42.14 %), which are fermented by Lactobacillus reuteri to produce lactic acid (LA) (4.12 g/L; yield: 0.139 g/g). Alkaline treatment of acid-pretreated solid residue using varying NaOH concentrations (1.5, 3 %, 5 %) produced black liquor, with maximum lignin recovery (32.96 ± 0.42 %) at 3 % NaOH alongside a phenolic rich extract (0.07 g) primarily composed of acetosyringone (27.20 %), p-coumaric acid (22.36 %), ferulic acid (10.48 %) and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (21.36 %). The final sodium chlorite treatment of residue produces cellulose pulp (3.26 g), effectively removing the residual lignin from alkaline pretreatment step. Structural characterization of lignin by FTIR and ¹H/¹³C NMR confirmed its guaiacyl-syringyl-hydroxyphenyl (GSH) type structure with preserved aromatic motifs and minimal degradation. Extracted lignin exhibited strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 0.7 mg/mL) surpassing commercial alkaline lignin and phenolic extract. The cellulose pulp showed 9.98 % increase in crystallinity index compared to raw WS, complete absence of lignin associated FTIR peaks (1640 cm⁻¹, 1514 cm⁻¹, 1467 cm⁻¹) and fibrillar morphology confirming the effective delignification of biomass. A detailed mass balance elucidated compositional changes throughout the process and product accumulation.

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最大限度地利用麦秸：一种集成的、接近零废物的连续生物精炼方法

本研究介绍了一种集成的、近零废物的生物精炼方法，用于综合小麦秸秆（WS）增值为多种增值产品。麦秸经过各种化学预处理，其中每一步产生不同的固体和液体流，作为后续处理的原料，而不是专注于单一产品。WS （20 g）初始稀酸处理（1% (v/v) H2SO4）释放木糖（9.59 g/L, 51.12%）和葡萄糖（25 g/L, 42.14%），经罗伊氏乳杆菌发酵生成乳酸（LA）（4.12 g/L，产率0.139 g/g）。用不同NaOH浓度（1.5、3%、5%）对酸预处理的固体残渣进行碱性处理，得到黑液，在3% NaOH浓度下，木质素回收率最高（32.96±0.42%），同时得到的酚类提取物（0.07 g）主要由乙酰丁香酮（27.20%）、对香豆酸（22.36%）、阿威酸（10.48%）和2,3-二氢苯并呋喃（21.36%）组成。最后亚氯酸钠处理残渣得到纤维素浆（3.26 g），有效地去除碱预处理步骤中残留的木质素。通过FTIR和1H/13C NMR对木质素进行了结构表征，证实木质素具有愈创木酰基-紫丁香基-羟基苯基（GSH）型结构，保留了芳香基序，降解程度低。提取的木质素具有较强的ABTS自由基清除活性（IC50 = 0.7 mg/mL），优于商业碱性木质素和酚类提取物。与原浆相比，纤维素浆的结晶度指数提高了9.98%，完全没有木质素相关的FTIR峰（1640 cm−1,1514 cm−1,1467 cm−1）和纤维形态，证实了生物质的有效脱木质素。详细的质量平衡说明了整个过程和产品积累过程中的成分变化。

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来源期刊

Biomass & Bioenergy 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

3.30%

发文量

258

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： Biomass & Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers and short communications, review articles and case studies on biological resources, chemical and biological processes, and biomass products for new renewable sources of energy and materials. The scope of the journal extends to the environmental, management and economic aspects of biomass and bioenergy. Key areas covered by the journal: • Biomass: sources, energy crop production processes, genetic improvements, composition. Please note that research on these biomass subjects must be linked directly to bioenergy generation. • Biological Residues: residues/rests from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (palm, sugar etc), processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW). Papers on the use of biomass residues through innovative processes/technological novelty and/or consideration of feedstock/system sustainability (or unsustainability) are welcomed. However waste treatment processes and pollution control or mitigation which are only tangentially related to bioenergy are not in the scope of the journal, as they are more suited to publications in the environmental arena. Papers that describe conventional waste streams (ie well described in existing literature) that do not empirically address ''new'' added value from the process are not suitable for submission to the journal. • Bioenergy Processes: fermentations, thermochemical conversions, liquid and gaseous fuels, and petrochemical substitutes • Bioenergy Utilization: direct combustion, gasification, electricity production, chemical processes, and by-product remediation • Biomass and the Environment: carbon cycle, the net energy efficiency of bioenergy systems, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues.