Microneedles in Allergy Immunotherapy: the Present and Future.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI:10.1007/s11882-025-01227-4

Yangxue Fu, Hao Chen, Jin Liu, Qingxiu Xu, Yaqi Yang, Yin Wang, Rongfei Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review highlights current limitations of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) methods and introduces microneedles (MNs) as an innovative transdermal platform to enhance AIT safety, efficacy, and patient adherence.

Recent findings: Conventional approaches such as Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and Oral immunotherapy (OIT) have shown clinical effectiveness but face challenges including systemic adverse reactions, prolonged treatment durations, poor adherence. Meanwhile, Epidermal allergen-specific immunotherapy (EPIT) and other skin-targeted AIT approaches is constrained by the limited epidermal penetration of allergens. Recent preclinical studies demonstrate that MN-based transdermal immunotherapy (MN-TDIT) effectively delivers allergen directly into immune-rich dermal layers, significantly enhancing allergen-specific immune responses, inducing a regulatory T-cell response, modulating Th1/Th2 balance, and decreasing allergic inflammation in preclinical respiratory, skin, and food allergy models. MN-TDIT exhibits clear advantages over existing AIT strategies, including improved immunogenicity, fewer side effects, ease of administration, and potential for self-administration. Further research should focus on resolving formulation stability issues, optimizing controlled allergen release, and validating safety and efficacy in large-scale clinical trials, thus facilitating MNs as a transformative strategy for improving AIT outcomes.

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微针在过敏免疫治疗中的应用：现在和未来。

综述目的：本综述强调了当前过敏原特异性免疫治疗（AIT）方法的局限性，并介绍了微针（MNs）作为一种创新的透皮平台，以提高AIT的安全性、有效性和患者依从性。最近的发现：传统的方法，如皮下免疫治疗（SCIT）、舌下免疫治疗（SLIT）和口服免疫治疗（OIT）已经显示出临床效果，但面临包括全身不良反应、治疗持续时间长、依从性差等挑战。同时，表皮过敏原特异性免疫治疗（EPIT）和其他皮肤靶向的AIT方法受到过敏原有限的表皮渗透的限制。最近的临床前研究表明，MN-TDIT有效地将过敏原直接输送到免疫丰富的真皮层，显著增强过敏原特异性免疫反应，诱导调节性t细胞反应，调节Th1/Th2平衡，减少临床前呼吸、皮肤和食物过敏模型中的过敏性炎症。MN-TDIT比现有的AIT策略有明显的优势，包括更好的免疫原性、更少的副作用、易于给药和自我给药的潜力。进一步的研究应侧重于解决配方稳定性问题，优化可控过敏原释放，并在大规模临床试验中验证安全性和有效性，从而促进MNs作为改善AIT预后的变革策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 医学-过敏

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

1.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The aim of Current Allergy and Asthma Reports is to systematically provide the views of highly selected experts on current advances in the fields of allergy and asthma and highlight the most important papers recently published. All reviews are intended to facilitate the understanding of new advances in science for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergy and asthma. We accomplish this aim by appointing international experts in major subject areas across the discipline to review select topics emphasizing recent developments and highlighting important new papers and emerging concepts. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Over a one- to two-year period, readers are updated on all the major advances in allergy and asthma.