The associations between traumatic experiences and trajectories of substance use in adolescence and young adulthood - the role of acute neuroendocrine and subjective stress reactivity.

IF 3.6 2区 医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Heiko Schmengler, Catharina A Hartman, Kristine Marceau, Matteo Giletta, Margot Peeters
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Abstract

Adolescents exposed to traumatic events, including physical and sexual abuse, are at higher risk of developing problematic substance use behaviours. This study investigates associations between traumatic experiences and trajectories of substance use in adolescence and young adulthood, focusing in particular on differences in neuroendocrine and subjective stress reactivity as potential explanatory mechanisms. Using data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) (N = 715), we assessed whether traumatic experiences up to age 16 were associated with differences in acute neuroendocrine stress reactivity (in terms of heart rate (HR), high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP), and cortisol reactivity), as well as subjective stress reactivity, assessed in the context of a standardized stress test conducted around age 16. We then analysed whether these stress reactivity measures predicted substance use trajectories (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis) from around age 16 to around age 22. Results showed that traumatic experiences increased the risk of following trajectories characterized by an early initiation and escalation of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use (vs. no use or low use trajectories). Traumatic experiences were additionally associated with a higher probability of belonging to cannabis use trajectories characterized by consistently relatively low levels of use (vs. no use) or a later escalation of use in young adulthood. Regarding mechanisms, blunted neuroendocrine stress reactivity, but not subjective stress reactivity, was inconsistently linked to trajectories of higher substance use. However, differences in acute stress reactivity did not contribute to associations between traumatic experiences and substance use trajectories, as associations between traumatic experiences and acute stress reactivity were absent. Our findings emphasize the need to explore mechanisms beyond acute stress reactivity that may explain the association between trauma and adolescent and young adult substance use.

青少年和青年时期创伤经历与物质使用轨迹之间的关系——急性神经内分泌和主观应激反应的作用。
遭受过创伤性事件,包括身体虐待和性虐待的青少年,出现有问题的物质使用行为的风险更高。本研究探讨了创伤经历与青少年和青年时期物质使用轨迹之间的关系,特别关注神经内分泌和主观应激反应的差异作为潜在的解释机制。利用跟踪青少年个体生活调查(TRAILS) (N = 715)的数据,我们评估了16岁前的创伤经历是否与急性神经内分泌应激反应(心率(HR)、高频心率变异性(HF-HRV)、射血前期(PEP)和皮质醇反应性)以及主观应激反应的差异有关,这些差异是在16岁左右进行的标准化应激测试的背景下评估的。然后,我们分析了这些应激反应测量是否能预测16岁至22岁左右的物质使用轨迹(烟草、酒精和大麻)。结果表明,创伤经历增加了以下轨迹的风险,其特征是早期开始和逐渐增加烟草、酒精和大麻的使用(相对于不使用或低使用轨迹)。此外,创伤经历与属于大麻使用轨迹的可能性较高有关,其特征是持续相对较低的使用水平(与不使用相比)或在成年后期使用升级。至于机制,迟钝的神经内分泌应激反应,而不是主观应激反应,与更高的物质使用轨迹不一致。然而,急性应激反应的差异并没有导致创伤经历和物质使用轨迹之间的联系,因为创伤经历和急性应激反应之间的联系是不存在的。我们的发现强调有必要探索急性应激反应之外的机制,以解释创伤与青少年和年轻人药物使用之间的联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Psychoneuroendocrinology 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
8.10%
发文量
268
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍: Psychoneuroendocrinology publishes papers dealing with the interrelated disciplines of psychology, neurobiology, endocrinology, immunology, neurology, and psychiatry, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary studies aiming at integrating these disciplines in terms of either basic research or clinical implications. One of the main goals is to understand how a variety of psychobiological factors interact in the expression of the stress response as it relates to the development and/or maintenance of neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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