Surveillance of Salmonella in Cull Boar, Sow, and Gilt Lymph Nodes and Tonsils from Six Cull Hog Processing Facilities in the United States

IF 3.7 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection Pub Date : 2025-12-10 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100642

Sirui Zhang , Reagan L. Brashears , Mindy M. Brashears , Marcos X. Sanchez , Sara E. Gragg

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Salmonella is associated with the environment, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes (LNs) of pigs. Contamination in LNs of cull hogs may lead to contamination of carcasses, sausages, and other pork products. To better understand the public health risks of contaminated lymphatic tissues, a cross-sectional analysis of Salmonella in the LNs and tonsils of cull hogs processed at six facilities across two regions of the United States during different seasons was conducted. A total of 3,824 samples from 560 carcasses were included in this study. From each carcass, six LNs (axillary [ALN], mesenteric [MLN], subiliac [SLN], tracheobronchial [TLN], superficial inguinal [SILN], and prescapular [PLN]), and tonsils were collected. The BAX® System Real-Time Salmonella Assay and BAX®-System-SalQuant® methods were used to detect and estimate Salmonella concentration in samples, respectively. Salmonella prevalence was 12.3% overall, 36.9% in tonsils, 29.7% in MLNs, 8.2% in SILNs, 2.5% in PLNs, 4.5% in TLNs, 2.0% in ALNs, and 0.7% in SLNs. Salmonella prevalence was greatest for tonsils in the summer/fall (42.6%), though season was not significant (P = 0.1132). For MLNs, Salmonella prevalence in spring (35.2%) and summer/fall (32.5%) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than winter (18.3%). Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in SILNs during winter (19.2%) than spring (0.5%) and summer/fall (2.2%) in the eastern region. Of the 70 MLNs that were enumerable, estimated concentration (log Salmonella cells/sample) was greatest (P < 0.05) during winter (2.8) in comparison to summer/fall (1.8) and spring (0.7) in the eastern region. At the carcass level, 332 (59.3%) harbored Salmonella in one or more samples, and prevalence did not vary by season (P = 0.1495) or region (P = 0.8669). These data suggest that seasonal factors impact Salmonella contamination in specific lymph nodes and can be used by the industry for risk assessment and Salmonella mitigation strategies.

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美国6个扑杀猪加工厂中野猪、母猪和后备母猪淋巴结和扁桃体沙门氏菌的监测。

沙门氏菌与猪的环境、胃肠道和淋巴结（LNs）有关。扑杀猪体内的毒素可能会导致尸体、香肠和其他猪肉产品受到污染。为了更好地了解受污染淋巴组织的公共卫生风险，对美国两个地区六个设施在不同季节处理的屠宰猪的扁桃体和淋巴结中的沙门氏菌进行了横断面分析。本研究共收集了560只动物尸体的3824份样本。每具胴体取6个淋巴结（腋窝[ALN]、肠系膜[MLN]、髂下[SLN]、气管支气管[TLN]、腹股沟浅[SILN]、肩胛前[PLN]）和扁桃体。分别采用BAX®System Real-Time Salmonella Assay和BAX®-System-SalQuant®方法检测和估计样品中的沙门氏菌浓度。总体沙门氏菌患病率为12.3%，扁桃体为36.9%，mln为29.7%，siln为8.2%，pln为2.5%，tln为4.5%，aln为2.0%，sln为0.7%。夏秋季扁桃体沙门氏菌感染率最高（42.6%），季节差异不显著（P=0.1132）。春季（35.2%）和夏秋季（32.5%）沙门菌的流行率显著高于同期(P

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来源期刊

Journal of food protection 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

296

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Food Protection® (JFP) is an international, monthly scientific journal in the English language published by the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP). JFP publishes research and review articles on all aspects of food protection and safety. Major emphases of JFP are placed on studies dealing with: Tracking, detecting (including traditional, molecular, and real-time), inactivating, and controlling food-related hazards, including microorganisms (including antibiotic resistance), microbial (mycotoxins, seafood toxins) and non-microbial toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, migrants from food packaging, and processing contaminants), allergens and pests (insects, rodents) in human food, pet food and animal feed throughout the food chain; Microbiological food quality and traditional/novel methods to assay microbiological food quality; Prevention of food-related hazards and food spoilage through food preservatives and thermal/non-thermal processes, including process validation; Food fermentations and food-related probiotics; Safe food handling practices during pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, distribution and consumption, including food safety education for retailers, foodservice, and consumers; Risk assessments for food-related hazards; Economic impact of food-related hazards, foodborne illness, food loss, food spoilage, and adulterated foods; Food fraud, food authentication, food defense, and foodborne disease outbreak investigations.