Manganese-Doped Zeolite Imidazolium-Based Nanoplatform for MRI-Guided Sonodynamic and Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Multimodal sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is one of the main approaches for future tumor therapy; however, the application of SDT is still hindered by hypoxia and glutathione (GSH) overexpression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on this, we designed manganese-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanocrystals and encapsulated them with cell membranes to obtain Mn-ZIF-67@CMs (MF@CMs). The ZIF-67 nanocrystals have natural M-N active sites and show potential for application in SDT. Since the TME contains a large amount of H₂O₂, which reacts with Mn²⁺ to release O₂. Meanwhile, Co³⁺ and Mn³⁺ can consume GSH in the TME, which in turn boosts the effectiveness of SDT. Additionally, the reaction that produces Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ exhibits a Fenton-like mechanism, which further contributes to the therapeutic effects of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Furthermore, due to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 imaging properties of Mn²⁺, these nanoparticles (MF@CMs) also hold potential for integrated diagnosis and treatment. The MF@CMs designed in this study have good biocompatibility, oxygen-producing capacity, and GSH-consuming capacity, indicating the potential for clinical application.