Variations on a theme: Non-canonical mechanisms of effector-triggered immunity

IF 7.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102812

Hee-Kyung Ahn , Jonathan D.G. Jones , Guanghao Guo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) can be defined as immune responses activated upon specific recognition of a pathogen effector protein by its cognate plant immune receptor protein. This classic gene-for-gene model of the interaction of one pathogen effector, also known as an Avirulence (Avr) gene, with one plant immune receptor gene, known as a Resistance (R) gene has been documented since the 1950s. Since then, different types of recognition that deviate from the gene-for-gene model, for example, immune receptor pairs and immune receptor networks, have been identified. In addition, while many R genes encode NLR (nucleotide binding, leucine rich repeat) proteins, R genes that encode only parts of NLR domains, and non-NLR encoding R genes such as tandem kinases have been identified, broadening the immune receptor repertoire in plants. In recent years, there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of NLR intracellular immune receptors in plants, including how they are inhibited, activated, and regulated. This review covers recent developments in ETI initiation mechanisms and in plant NLR biology.

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主题变奏曲：效应触发免疫的非规范机制。

效应触发免疫（ETI）是病原效应蛋白被同源植物免疫受体蛋白特异性识别而激活的免疫反应。自20世纪50年代以来，一种病原体效应物（也称为无毒（Avr）基因）与一种植物免疫受体基因（称为抗性(R)基因）相互作用的经典基因对基因模型已被记录在案。从那时起，不同类型的识别偏离基因对基因的模式，例如，免疫受体对和免疫受体网络，已被确定。此外，虽然许多R基因编码NLR（核苷酸结合，富含亮氨酸的重复）蛋白，但已发现仅编码部分NLR结构域的R基因，以及非NLR编码R基因（如串联激酶），拓宽了植物的免疫受体库。近年来，在植物NLR细胞内免疫受体的分子机制，包括它们是如何被抑制、激活和调节的理解方面取得了重大进展。本文综述了ETI启动机制和植物NLR生物学的最新进展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current opinion in plant biology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

16.30

自引率

3.20%

发文量

131

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Plant Biology builds on Elsevier's reputation for excellence in scientific publishing and long-standing commitment to communicating high quality reproducible research. It is part of the Current Opinion and Research (CO+RE) suite of journals. All CO+RE journals leverage the Current Opinion legacy - of editorial excellence, high-impact, and global reach - to ensure they are a widely read resource that is integral to scientists' workflow.