Antiproliferative effects and mitochondrial dysfunction of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) on rat C6 glioma cells.

Abstract

Glioblastoma is a brain tumour with limited therapeutic options, prompting the exploration of novel treatments. This study evaluates the effects of α-mangostin, a xanthone derived from the pericarp of mangostin (Garcinia mangostana L), on C6 glioma cells. α -mangostin was successfully purified with a purity of ≥ 97%, and its chemical structure was confirmed. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anticancer activities of α-mangostin isolated from G. mangostana. The compound showed moderate antioxidant capacity (DPPH• IC₅₀ = 67.55 ± 0.91 μg/mL) and potent cytotoxicity against C6 glioma cells (IC₅₀ = 4.67 μg/mL). Mitochondrial membrane potential dropped to 34.27 ± 1.24% and 25.77 ± 0.98% at 5 and 8 μg/mL, respectively. DNA fragmentation increased from 2.17 ± 1.543% (control) to 17.95 ± 6.277% at 5 μg/mL. These findings suggest that α-mangostin induces glioma cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction and genotoxic stress, supporting its potential as a therapeutic lead for glioblastoma.