Crosstalk Between Allergic Inflammation and Autophagy.

Abstract

Autophagy is a conserved process that involves the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to restore cellular homeostasis. Autophagy plays a critical role in cell differentiation, immune responses, and protection against pathogens, as well as the development and progression of allergic inflammation. Crosstalk between autophagy and signaling pathways modulates immune responses to inflammatory signals. Here, we discuss the regulatory roles of autophagy in allergic inflammation. Autophagy can promote allergic inflammation by enhancing the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Impaired autophagy resulting from the accumulation of autophagosomes can exacerbate allergic inflammation. Mast cell degranulation and activation require energy provided by mitochondrial respiration. Mast cell activation is accompanied by morphological changes and mitochondrial fragmentation. Mitochondrial fragmentation (mitophagy) induced by oxidative stress involves the degradation of defective mitochondria. Therefore, we discuss the relationship between mitophagy and allergic inflammation. Targeting autophagy and oxidative stress can be a strategy for developing anti-allergy therapeutics. In this review, we also discuss future research directions to better understand allergic diseases with respect to autophagy and develop effective anti-allergy drugs.