Pesticide exposure and health risk assessment in Durian farmers from Southern of Thailand.

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI:10.1007/s00420-025-02174-3

Pattama Senthong, Sivasit Wittayasilp

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to quantify pesticide concentrations in personal air samples during durian pesticide spraying, assess the associated health risks, and examine the relationships among exposure levels, reported health symptoms, and blood acetylcholinesterase levels in durian farmers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among durian farmers in the southern region of Thailand. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on general information, pesticide use and self-protection behaviors, and health effects related to pesticide exposure. Personal air sampling was conducted using OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS) tubes, and pesticide concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and associations between variables were assessed using the Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level.

Results: The majority of farmers were male (73.2%) and had 1-5 years of pesticide spraying experience (56.1%). Most of them (97.6%) had normal and safe blood acetylcholinesterase levels. After pesticide exposure, the most commonly reported symptoms were nose burning (52.4%), conjunctivitis/eye burning/ocular pruritus (13.4%), sore or dry throat (12.2%), and dizziness or headache (12.2%). Four pesticides were detected with concentrations exceeding the standard limits, including chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, diazinon, and fenobucarb. In contrast, four pesticides were found with concentrations below the standard limits, namely metalaxyl, buprofezin, difenoconazole, and azoxystrobin. Most pesticides had hazard quotient (HQ) values less than 1, except for dichlorvos. A statistically significant association was observed between chlorpyrifos concentrations and abnormalities in all body systems except the musculoskeletal system. Additionally, chlorpyrifos concentration was significantly associated with blood acetylcholinesterase levels. The use of personal protective equipment also showed a statistically significant association with acetylcholinesterase levels in the blood.

Conclusions: Government authorities should regulate and monitor pesticide use among durian farmers to ensure it does not exceed safety standards and should develop occupational health and safety plans to protect farmers in the future.

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泰国南部榴莲农农药暴露及健康风险评估

目的：本研究旨在量化榴莲农药喷洒过程中个人空气样本中的农药浓度，评估相关的健康风险，并研究榴莲农民暴露水平、报告的健康症状和血液乙酰胆碱酯酶水平之间的关系。方法：本横断面研究在泰国南部地区的榴莲农民中进行。采用结构化问卷调查方式收集农药使用和自我保护行为的一般信息、农药暴露对健康的影响等数据。使用OSHA多功能采样器（OVS）进行个人空气采样，采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析农药浓度。采用描述性统计对数据进行分析，变量之间的相关性采用卡方检验，置信水平为95%。结果：农户以男性为主（73.2%），具有1 ~ 5年农药喷洒经验（56.1%）；绝大多数（97.6%）患者血乙酰胆碱酯酶水平正常且安全。农药暴露后最常见的症状为鼻灼烧（52.4%）、结膜炎/眼睛灼烧/眼部瘙痒（13.4%）、喉咙痛或干燥（12.2%）、头晕或头痛（12.2%）。检测到四种农药浓度超标，包括毒死蜱、敌敌畏、二嗪农和杀虫威。与此相反，有4种农药的浓度低于标准限值，分别是甲螨灵、丁丙嗪、异虫康唑和嘧菌酯。除敌敌畏外，大多数农药的危害商（HQ）值均小于1。在除肌肉骨骼系统外的所有身体系统中，毒死蜱浓度与异常之间存在统计学上显著的关联。此外，毒死蜱浓度与血乙酰胆碱酯酶水平显著相关。个人防护装备的使用也显示出与血液中乙酰胆碱酯酶水平有统计学意义的关联。结论：政府当局应规范和监测榴莲农民的农药使用，以确保其不超过安全标准，并应制定职业健康和安全计划，以保护未来的农民。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

6.70%

发文量

127

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health publishes Editorials, Review Articles, Original Articles, and Letters to the Editor. It welcomes any manuscripts dealing with occupational or ambient environmental problems, with a special interest in research at the interface of occupational health and clinical medicine. The scope ranges from Biological Monitoring to Dermatology, from Fibers and Dust to Human Toxicology, from Nanomaterials and Ultra-fine Dust to Night- and Shift Work, from Psycho-mental Distress and Burnout to Vibrations. A complete list of topics can be found on the right-hand side under For authors and editors. In addition, all papers should be based on present-day standards and relate to: -Clinical and epidemiological studies on morbidity and mortality -Clinical epidemiological studies on the parameters relevant to the estimation of health risks -Human experimental studies on environmental health effects. Animal experiments are only acceptable if relevant to pathogenic aspects. -Methods for studying the topics mentioned above.