Nanoparticle-based liquid biopsy

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Clinica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120658

Saja S. Falih , Ahmed Mahdi Rheima , Fatin Fadhel Al-Kazazz , Zaid Nsaif Abbas

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Liquid biopsy has emerged as a revolutionary diagnostic strategy in oncology, providing a minimally invasive means for real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics through the analysis of circulating tumor-derived biomarkers in biological fluids. The incorporation of nanotechnology into liquid biopsy platforms has significantly enhanced analytical sensitivity and specificity by improving the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and exosomal non-coding RNAs. This review provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in nanoparticle-enabled liquid biopsy, focusing on essential nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and silica nanoparticles, and their mechanistic contributions to enhancing assay performance through targeted biomarker capture, signal amplification, and multiplexed detection. The clinical translation of these technologies is exemplified by emerging platforms such as an exosome-based AuNPs-SERS–AI assay, which achieved an AUC of 0.97, with 90.2 % sensitivity and 94.4 % specificity in the detection of early-stage multi-cancer. Lastly, we outline future directions for the clinical integration of nanoparticle-assisted liquid biopsy, highlighting their potential to advance precision oncology through real-time, non-invasive, and personalized diagnostics.

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纳米颗粒液体活检。

液体活检已经成为肿瘤学中一种革命性的诊断策略，通过分析生物液体中循环肿瘤衍生的生物标志物，为实时监测肿瘤动态提供了一种微创手段。将纳米技术整合到液体活检平台中，通过改善循环肿瘤细胞（ctc）、游离DNA （cfDNA）、细胞外囊泡（ev）和外泌体非编码rna的检测和分离，显著提高了分析灵敏度和特异性。这篇综述详细概述了纳米颗粒液体活检的最新进展，重点是基本的纳米材料，包括金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）、磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）和二氧化硅纳米颗粒，以及它们通过靶向生物标志物捕获、信号放大和多路检测来提高检测性能的机制贡献。这些技术的临床应用以新兴平台为例，如基于外泌体的AuNPs-SERS-AI检测，其检测早期多癌的AUC为0.97，灵敏度为90.2 %，特异性为94.4 %。最后，我们概述了纳米颗粒辅助液体活检临床整合的未来方向，强调了它们通过实时、无创和个性化诊断来推进精确肿瘤学的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

2.00%

发文量

1268

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.