Multifunctional Mg-MOF-74@Carvacrol/Chitin nanofiber-based nanocomposite film for enhanced food packaging

Abstract

The proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms is a significant cause of food spoilage, resulting in substantial economic losses and public health risks. To ensure food safety and extend shelf life, packaging must not only maintain product integrity but also prevent contamination by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanocomposite (Mg-MOF-74@CA/CNF) by integrating magnesium-based metal–organic framework (Mg-MOF-74), carvacrol (CA), and chitin nanofibers (CNF). This nanocomposite was subsequently incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to fabricate the final film (Mg-MOF-74@CA/CNF/PVA). The resulting film demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity, achieving up to 98 % inhibition of MDR pathogens through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disruption of microbial membranes. In addition, the film exhibited improved thermal stability, enhanced tensile strength, and superior barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor. Application tests on cherry, cauliflower, and chicken confirmed significant reductions in microbial growth and weight loss, alongside prolonged shelf life while maintaining product quality. These findings highlight Mg-MOF-74@CA/CNF/PVA as a sustainable and effective alternative to conventional packaging materials, offering both food preservation and enhanced safety.