{"title":"Autophagy regulation by signaling.","authors":"Tor Erik Rusten","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102595","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first identified regulators of autophagy were the hormones Glucagon and Insulin, long before the recognition that they act through receptor-mediated cell signaling pathways. More than two decades since the identification of the autophagy molecular machinery, we appreciate that regulation of autophagy is complex, operates at several levels, and serves many functions to maintain cellular and organismal health. TORC1 remains the best-defined gatekeeper, serving to sense nutrient and energy sufficiency while also integrating systemic growth factor signaling to control cell growth and autophagy autonomously. This review summarizes the current understanding of autophagy regulation by signaling through TORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms and discusses the emerging understanding of control and coordinated response of autophagy at the organism level.</p>","PeriodicalId":50608,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","volume":"97 ","pages":"102595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102595","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The first identified regulators of autophagy were the hormones Glucagon and Insulin, long before the recognition that they act through receptor-mediated cell signaling pathways. More than two decades since the identification of the autophagy molecular machinery, we appreciate that regulation of autophagy is complex, operates at several levels, and serves many functions to maintain cellular and organismal health. TORC1 remains the best-defined gatekeeper, serving to sense nutrient and energy sufficiency while also integrating systemic growth factor signaling to control cell growth and autophagy autonomously. This review summarizes the current understanding of autophagy regulation by signaling through TORC1-dependent and independent mechanisms and discusses the emerging understanding of control and coordinated response of autophagy at the organism level.
期刊介绍：
Current Opinion in Cell Biology (COCEBI) is a highly respected journal that specializes in publishing authoritative, comprehensive, and systematic reviews in the field of cell biology. The journal's primary aim is to provide a clear and readable synthesis of the latest advances in cell biology, helping specialists stay current with the rapidly evolving field. Expert authors contribute to the journal by annotating and highlighting the most significant papers from the extensive body of research published annually, offering valuable insights and saving time for readers by distilling key findings.
COCEBI is part of the Current Opinion and Research (CO+RE) suite of journals, which leverages the legacy of editorial excellence, high impact, and global reach to ensure that the journal is a widely read resource integral to scientists' workflow. It is published by Elsevier, a publisher known for its commitment to excellence in scientific publishing and the communication of reproducible biomedical research aimed at improving human health. The journal's content is designed to be an invaluable resource for a diverse audience, including researchers, lecturers, teachers, professionals, policymakers, and students.
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