Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Evaluation of their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Photocatalytic Activities.
Collins O Airemwen, Johnbull A Obarisiagbon, Ahmad Malkawi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Vernonia amygdalina belongs to the family Asteraceae. Its leaf extract has been used ethnobotanically in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, malaria, diabetes mellitus, and hiccups.
Objective: This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and evaluate their antioxidant, photocatalytic, and antibacterial activities.
Methodology: The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energydispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue dye. At the same time, the antimicrobial properties of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of 2,2- diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radicals, with ascorbic acid serving as the positive control.
Results: The successful synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by a UV-Vis absorption peak at 390 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited a smooth, spherical morphology with an average size of 78.25 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified key functional groups responsible for nanoparticle stabilization. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed three characteristic peaks at 2θ angles of 24°, 27°, and 34°, which confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The antioxidant assay demonstrated that zinc oxide nanoparticles had a significantly higher free radical scavenging effect than Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (P < 0.05). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles, with 44.4% oxygen and 55.6% zinc. The photocatalytic study demonstrated that the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles achieved a 75% degradation rate of methylene blue dye after 120 minutes of UV light exposure. Antimicrobial testing revealed mean inhibition zones of 7.88 mm and 6.30 mm for the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract, respectively, indicating significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (P < 0.05). The 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl scavenging effects of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were also statistically significant when compared to ascorbic acid (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The biosynthesized Vernonia amygdalina-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited remarkable photocatalytic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.
期刊介绍：
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology publishes original manuscripts, full-length/mini reviews, thematic issues, rapid technical notes and commentaries that provide insights into the synthesis, characterisation and pharmaceutical (or diagnostic) application of materials at the nanoscale. The nanoscale is defined as a size range of below 1 µm. Scientific findings related to micro and macro systems with functionality residing within features defined at the nanoscale are also within the scope of the journal. Manuscripts detailing the synthesis, exhaustive characterisation, biological evaluation, clinical testing and/ or toxicological assessment of nanomaterials are of particular interest to the journal’s readership. Articles should be self contained, centred around a well founded hypothesis and should aim to showcase the pharmaceutical/ diagnostic implications of the nanotechnology approach. Manuscripts should aim, wherever possible, to demonstrate the in vivo impact of any nanotechnological intervention. As reducing a material to the nanoscale is capable of fundamentally altering the material’s properties, the journal’s readership is particularly interested in new characterisation techniques and the advanced properties that originate from this size reduction. Both bottom up and top down approaches to the realisation of nanomaterials lie within the scope of the journal.
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