Assessment of mineral nutrition level and heavy metals toxicity in Kosovo herbal remedies.

IF 1.8 4区农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI:10.1080/03601234.2025.2572250

Albana Milaimi, Liridon Buqaj, Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin, Sheval Memishi, Yllka Shehdadi, Urtina Avdija, Belma Gjergjizi Nallbani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study evaluates the heavy metal and nutritional element content in the reproductive organs of medicinal plants (Helianthus annuus, Matricaria chamomilla, Tilia argentea, Sambucus nigra, Calendula officinalis, Crataegus monogyna, Juniperus communis, Malus sylvestris, and Rosa canina) collected from the "Agroproduct" collection point in Kosovo. The main purpose of this study is to make an elemental analysis of above-mentioned plant species belonging to the Kosovo region and to clearly reveal whether these plants are consumable or safe for human health. Therefore, the parameters specified in the literature were evaluated to determine this, including metal and mineral concentration, correlation studies, and risk assessments using RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance), EDI (Estimated Daily Intake), THQ (Target Hazard Quotient), and HI (Hazard Index). Results showed that C. monogyna had the highest calcium (4863.32 mg/kg) and lead (3.53 mg/kg) levels, M. chamomilla had the highest potassium (15747.64 mg/kg), S. nigra fruits had the highest magnesium (2951.42 mg/kg), and C. officinalis had the highest sodium (1751.34 mg/kg), copper (12.51 mg/kg), and zinc (34.48 mg/kg). T. argentea had elevated manganese (127.30 mg/kg), and H. annuus had the highest iron (134.68 mg/kg) and nickel (9.37 mg/kg). R. canina, J. communis, and M. sylvestris did not exhibit the highest values for any evaluated elements. Comparisons with WHO/FAO allowable limits revealed that S. nigra fruits, T. argentea, H. annuus, C. monogyna, and M. chamomilla had concentrations of chromium, lead, and manganese exceeding permissible levels. Although certain elements exceeded WHO/FAO limits, risk assessment metrics (THQ, HI) suggest that the exposure levels remain within acceptable safety margins. This study addressing a critical gap in regional phytochemical data and evaluating their safety for human consumption through nutritional profiling and toxicological risk assessment.

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科索沃草药中矿物质营养水平和重金属毒性的评估。

本研究对从科索沃“农产品”采集点采集的药用植物（向日葵、洋甘菊、银椴、黑参、金盏菊、山楂、杜松、海棠花和狗尾花）生殖器官中重金属和营养元素含量进行了测定。本研究的主要目的是对属于科索沃地区的上述植物物种进行元素分析，并清楚地揭示这些植物是可消费的还是对人类健康安全的。因此，评估文献中指定的参数来确定这一点，包括金属和矿物质浓度，相关性研究，以及使用RDA（推荐每日摄入量），EDI（估计每日摄入量），THQ（目标危害商）和HI（危害指数）进行风险评估。结果表明，红毛栗果实钙含量最高（4863.32 mg/kg），铅含量最高（3.53 mg/kg），甘菊果实钾含量最高（15747.64 mg/kg），黑曲霉果实镁含量最高（2951.42 mg/kg），马齿苋果实钠含量最高（1751.34 mg/kg），铜含量最高（12.51 mg/kg），锌含量最高（34.48 mg/kg）。铁和镍的含量分别为134.68 mg/kg和9.37 mg/kg。r.c anina， J. communis和M. sylvestris没有表现出任何评价元素的最高值。与世界卫生组织/联合国粮农组织允许限量的比较显示，黑葡萄果实、阿根廷葡萄、黄花葡萄、单叶葡萄和洋甘菊的铬、铅和锰浓度超过允许水平。虽然某些元素超过了世卫组织/粮农组织的限制，但风险评估指标（THQ、HI）表明，暴露水平仍在可接受的安全范围内。本研究解决了区域植物化学数据的一个关键缺口，并通过营养分析和毒理学风险评估来评估它们对人类消费的安全性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

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