Novel Bioresorbable Bone Wax for Potentiated Hemostasis and Osteogenesis.

Abstract

Orthopedic surgery faces dual challenges of uncontrolled bleeding and poor bone regeneration at defect sites. While traditional beeswax-based hemostats remain clinically prevalent, their non-resorbability impedes healing and triggers chronic inflammation. This study introduces a "hemostasis-resorption-osteogenesis" synergistic design paradigm, developing a novel bioresorbable bone wax based on a polymer dispersion matrix that integrates a quaternized cationic starch (QS) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) dual-phase promoting matrix (PST). PST bone wax's physicochemical properties, characterized via finger pressing models and in vitro sealing assays, demonstrate excellent plasticity and adhesiveness, enabling rapid sealing and prolonged hemostasis under physiological blood pressure. It gradually resorbs, releasing Ca²⁺/PO₄ ^{3 -} ions that induce osteogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and mineralization into hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals mimicking natural bone matrix. Hemocompatibility tests reveals its ability to adsorb erythrocytes and aggregate/activate platelets, effectively facilitating coagulation. In vivo experiments in rabbit and beagle models validate efficient hemostatic and osteogenic capabilities. Ultimately, PST bone wax achieves immediate hemostasis and long-term osteoregeneration through QS and β-TCP synergy, exhibiting favorable biocompatibility and safety, providing an innovative clinical solution with broad prospects.